Question 1

Gametes

Accepted Answer

A)  are formed during mitosis. 
B)  contain only 23 chromosomes. 
C)  contain 46 chromosomes. 
D)  determine directly observable characteristics, like eye color. 
A)  are formed during mitosis. 
B)  contain only 23 chromosomes. 
C)  contain 46 chromosomes. 
D)  determine directly observable characteristics, like eye color.

Question 2

Discuss direct and indirect influences on family functioning, and provide an example of each.

Accepted Answer

Contemporary researchers view the family

Question 3

Personality variations among siblings is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  germline mutation. 
B)  dominant-recessive inheritance. 
C)  polygenic inheritance. 
D)  homozygotic inheritance. 
A)  germline mutation. 
B)  dominant-recessive inheritance. 
C)  polygenic inheritance. 
D)  homozygotic inheritance.

Question 4

Heritability estimates

Accepted Answer

A)  give precise information on how personality traits develop. 
B)  are likely to diminish the role of heredity because the environments of twin pairs are less diverse. 
C)  tell researchers how environment can modify genetic influences. 
D)  are controversial measures because they can easily be misapplied. 
A)  give precise information on how personality traits develop. 
B)  are likely to diminish the role of heredity because the environments of twin pairs are less diverse. 
C)  tell researchers how environment can modify genetic influences. 
D)  are controversial measures because they can easily be misapplied.

Question 5

Which of the following is true about sex chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Y chromosome is large and long, and the X chromosome carries most of the genetic material. 
B)  Both boys and girls are born with several pairs of X and Y chromosomes. 
C)  When gametes form in females, the X and Y chromosomes separate into different cells. 
D)  The sex of a baby is determined by whether an X-bearing or a Y-bearing sperm fertilizes the ovum. 
A)  The Y chromosome is large and long, and the X chromosome carries most of the genetic material. 
B)  Both boys and girls are born with several pairs of X and Y chromosomes. 
C)  When gametes form in females, the X and Y chromosomes separate into different cells. 
D)  The sex of a baby is determined by whether an X-bearing or a Y-bearing sperm fertilizes the ovum.

Question 6

A heritability estimate of .3 for activity level would indicate that differences in __________ could explain ____ percent of the variation in activity level.

Accepted Answer

A)  the environment; 30 
B)  heredity; 70 
C)  heredity; 30 
D)  the environment; 3 
A)  the environment; 30 
B)  heredity; 70 
C)  heredity; 30 
D)  the environment; 3

Question 7

All U.S. states require that each newborn be given a blood test for

Accepted Answer

A)  cystic fibrosis. 
B)  PKU. 
C)  sickle cell anemia. 
D)  Tay-Sachs disease. 
A)  cystic fibrosis. 
B)  PKU. 
C)  sickle cell anemia. 
D)  Tay-Sachs disease.

Question 8

Hair color is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  karotype. 
B)  phenotype. 
C)  gamete. 
D)  genotype. 
A)  karotype. 
B)  phenotype. 
C)  gamete. 
D)  genotype.

Question 9

Nate, whose parents are involved in his school activities, probably

Accepted Answer

A)  resents his parents' involvement in his education. 
B)  shows better academic achievement than his agemates whose parents are uninvolved. 
C)  lives in a low-SES household with many siblings. 
D)  attends a private school in a large city. 
A)  resents his parents' involvement in his education. 
B)  shows better academic achievement than his agemates whose parents are uninvolved. 
C)  lives in a low-SES household with many siblings. 
D)  attends a private school in a large city.

Question 10

Extended-family living is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  more positive mother-child interaction during the preschool years. 
B)  increased antisocial behavior in adolescents. 
C)  decreased self-reliance in adolescents. 
D)  lower rates of adolescent pregnancy and parenthood. 
A)  more positive mother-child interaction during the preschool years. 
B)  increased antisocial behavior in adolescents. 
C)  decreased self-reliance in adolescents. 
D)  lower rates of adolescent pregnancy and parenthood.

Question 11

Niche-picking is an example of a(n) ___________ genetic-environmental correlation.

Accepted Answer

A)  passive 
B)  evocative 
C)  active 
D)  dynamic 
A)  passive 
B)  evocative 
C)  active 
D)  dynamic

Question 12

Which of the following is a major cause of the dramatic rise in fraternal twinning in industrialized nations?

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature changes 
B)  older maternal age 
C)  late fertilization of the ovum 
D)  variation in oxygen levels 
A)  temperature changes 
B)  older maternal age 
C)  late fertilization of the ovum 
D)  variation in oxygen levels

Question 13

In individualistic societies, people

Accepted Answer

A)  define themselves as part of a group. 
B)  are largely concerned with their own personal needs. 
C)  value an interdependent self. 
D)  readily endorse public policies for low-SES families. 
A)  define themselves as part of a group. 
B)  are largely concerned with their own personal needs. 
C)  value an interdependent self. 
D)  readily endorse public policies for low-SES families.

Question 14

In __________ societies, people stress group over individual goals.

Accepted Answer

A)  individualistic 
B)  independent 
C)  collectivist 
D)  industrialized 
A)  individualistic 
B)  independent 
C)  collectivist 
D)  industrialized

Question 15

Each rung of the DNA ladder

Accepted Answer

A)  is made up of thousands of chromosomes. 
B)  contains 20,000 genes. 
C)  consists of a pair of chemical substances called bases. 
D)  contains 23 matching pairs. 
A)  is made up of thousands of chromosomes. 
B)  contains 20,000 genes. 
C)  consists of a pair of chemical substances called bases. 
D)  contains 23 matching pairs.

Question 16

Grace, a musically talented youngster, joins the school orchestra and practices her violin. This is an example of a(n) ____________ genetic-environmental correlation.

Accepted Answer

A)  passive 
B)  evocative 
C)  active 
D)  dynamic 
A)  passive 
B)  evocative 
C)  active 
D)  dynamic

Question 17

Which of the following environmental influences contributes to monozygotic twinning?

Accepted Answer

A)  early fertilization of the ovum 
B)  poor maternal nutrition 
C)  temperature change 
D)  high-fructose diet 
A)  early fertilization of the ovum 
B)  poor maternal nutrition 
C)  temperature change 
D)  high-fructose diet

Question 18

According to the concept of genetic-environmental correlation,

Accepted Answer

A)  the environments to which we are exposed determine which genes are expressed in our phenotypes. 
B)  our genes influence the environments to which we are exposed. 
C)  heredity restricts the development of some behaviors to just one or a few outcomes. 
D)  our genes influence how we respond to the environment. 
A)  the environments to which we are exposed determine which genes are expressed in our phenotypes. 
B)  our genes influence the environments to which we are exposed. 
C)  heredity restricts the development of some behaviors to just one or a few outcomes. 
D)  our genes influence how we respond to the environment.

Question 19

According to the concept of epigenesis,

Accepted Answer

A)  development results from ongoing bidirectional interactions between heredity and all levels of the environment. 
B)  children's genetic makeup causes them to receive, evoke, and seek experiences that actualize their inborn tendencies. 
C)  heredity restricts the development of some behaviors to just one or a few outcomes. 
D)  children's genetic inheritance constrains their responsiveness to varying environments. 
A)  development results from ongoing bidirectional interactions between heredity and all levels of the environment. 
B)  children's genetic makeup causes them to receive, evoke, and seek experiences that actualize their inborn tendencies. 
C)  heredity restricts the development of some behaviors to just one or a few outcomes. 
D)  children's genetic inheritance constrains their responsiveness to varying environments.

Question 20

Heterozygous individuals with just one recessive allele

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot pass that trait to their children. 
B)  may be carriers of the trait. 
C)  will pass the dominant trait to their children. 
D)  will pass the recessive trait to their children. 
A)  cannot pass that trait to their children. 
B)  may be carriers of the trait. 
C)  will pass the dominant trait to their children. 
D)  will pass the recessive trait to their children.

Gametes

Discuss direct and indirect influences on family functioning, and provide an example of each.

Personality variations among siblings is due to

Heritability estimates

Which of the following is true about sex chromosomes?

A heritability estimate of .3 for activity level would indicate that differences in ______ could explain percent of the variation in activity level.

All U.S. states require that each newborn be given a blood test for

Hair color is an example of a

Nate, whose parents are involved in his school activities, probably

Extended-family living is associated with

Niche-picking is an example of a(n) ___________ genetic-environmental correlation.

Which of the following is a major cause of the dramatic rise in fraternal twinning in industrialized nations?

In individualistic societies, people

In __________ societies, people stress group over individual goals.

Each rung of the DNA ladder

Grace, a musically talented youngster, joins the school orchestra and practices her violin. This is an example of a(n) ____________ genetic-environmental correlation.

Which of the following environmental influences contributes to monozygotic twinning?

According to the concept of genetic-environmental correlation,

According to the concept of epigenesis,

Heterozygous individuals with just one recessive allele

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Early Childhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development in Adolescence

Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Emerging Adulthood

Filters

Exam 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Gametes

Discuss direct and indirect influences on family functioning, and provide an example of each.

Personality variations among siblings is due to

Heritability estimates

Which of the following is true about sex chromosomes?

A heritability estimate of .3 for activity level would indicate that differences in __________ could explain ____ percent of the variation in activity level.

All U.S. states require that each newborn be given a blood test for

Hair color is an example of a

Nate, whose parents are involved in his school activities, probably

Extended-family living is associated with

Niche-picking is an example of a(n) ___________ genetic-environmental correlation.

Which of the following is a major cause of the dramatic rise in fraternal twinning in industrialized nations?

In individualistic societies, people

In __________ societies, people stress group over individual goals.

Each rung of the DNA ladder

Grace, a musically talented youngster, joins the school orchestra and practices her violin. This is an example of a(n) ____________ genetic-environmental correlation.

Which of the following environmental influences contributes to monozygotic twinning?

According to the concept of genetic-environmental correlation,

According to the concept of epigenesis,

Heterozygous individuals with just one recessive allele

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Early Childhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development in Adolescence

Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Emerging Adulthood

Filters

A heritability estimate of .3 for activity level would indicate that differences in ______ could explain percent of the variation in activity level.