Exam 9: Race and Ethnicity.

Equalitarian pluralism describes a situation in which ethnic groups coexist in equality with one another. This pattern is also referred to as __________.

Describe the critical race theory as an alternative perspective on racial and ethnic relations.

Between 1964 and 1999, the number of African Americans elected to political office increased from about 100 to almost 9,000 nationwide. Despite these political gains, African Americans still represent __________ of all elected officials in the United States.

__________ occurs when members of a racial or ethnic group are conquered and forcibly placed under the economic and political control of the dominant group in a particular society.

__________ examine how microlevel contacts between people may produce either greater racial tolerance or increased levels of hostility.

Symbolic interactionists point out that when people from divergent groups are exposed to each other, favorable attitudes and behavior develop when certain factors are present. Which of the following is not one of these factors identified?

Discuss the symbolic interactionist perspectives on race and ethnic relations.

__________ analyze power and economic differentials between the dominant groups and subordinate groups in society.

Sociologist Joe Feagin referred to __________ as practices that have a harmful impact on subordinate group members even though the organizationally or community prescribed norms or regulations guiding these actions were initially established with no intent to harm.

Sociologists Michael Omi and Howard Winant suggest that the U.S. government has shaped the politics of race through __________.

__________ refers to the interactive effect of racism and sexism on the exploitation of women of color.

__________ assimilation occurs when members of subordinate racial or ethnic groups gain acceptance in everyday social interaction with members of the dominant group.

During World War II, Japan was an "enemy" of the United States, and some people in this country referred to everyone in Japan (or originating from that country) as "Japs." This is an example of __________.

Prejudice - stereotyping and racism

Psychologist Theodor W. Adorno and his colleagues concluded that highly prejudiced individuals tend to have a(n) __________, which is characterized by excessive conformity, submissiveness to authority, intolerance, insecurity, a high level of superstition, and rigid, stereotypic thinking.

Ethnic groups share five main characteristics. One of them is "territoriality," or the tendency to occupy a distinct geographic area (such as Little Italy or Little Havana) by choice and/or for self-protection.

__________ involves actions or practices of dominant group members (or their representatives) that have a harmful impact on members of a subordinate group.

In the United States, whites with Northern European ancestry (often referred to as Euro-Americans, white Anglo-Saxon Protestants, or WASPs) have been considered to be the __________ group for many years.

__________ typically starts in large, impersonal settings such as schools and workplaces, and only later (if at all) results in close friendships and intermarriage.

TV ads and programming reflect the actual level of interracial friendships and marriage in the U.S.