Exam 9: Race and Ethnicity.

African Americans were the only group to be subjected to slavery; when slavery was abolished, a class system was instituted to maintain economic and social inequality between whites and African Americans.

__________ is a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior, often on the basis of real or alleged physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, eye shape, or other subjectively selected attributes.

According to the text, Native Americans have not been subjected to __________.

__________ focus on the macrolevel intergroup processes that occur between members of dominant and subordinate groups in society.

An ethnic group is a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior, often on the basis of real or alleged physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, eye shape, or other subjectively selected attributes.

Scapegoats are often used as substitutes for the actual source of the frustration. For example, members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups are often blamed for societal problems (such as unemployment or an economic recession) over which they have no control.

Segregation may be enforced by custom. __________ segregation refers to racial separation and inequality enforced by custom, and it may be difficult to document.

Discrimination - sociologist Robert Merton's theory

Explain the key assumptions of the conflict perspectives on racial and ethnic relations.

__________ is a killing carried out by a group of vigilantes seeking revenge for an actual or imagined crime by the victim.

Which group has the highest rate of infant mortality, and death by exposure and malnutrition?

Ethnocentrism is maintained and perpetuated in stereotypes-overgeneralizations about the appearance, behavior, or other characteristics of members of particular categories.

Current and recent TV ads suggest that racially mixed families, groups and neighborhoods are quite common in the U.S. These ads employ a particular devise known as _____ framing.

The __________ includes the belief that racism is such an ingrained feature of U.S. society that it appears to be ordinary and natural to many people.

A football coach dislikes African Americans but still hires black players because he thinks they will enhance the team's ability to win. According to sociologist Robert Merton's typology of prejudice and discrimination, this coach is a(n) __________.

Sociologist Joe Feagin identified __________as organizationally prescribed or community prescribed action that intentionally has a differential and negative impact on members of subordinate groups. These actions are routinely carried out by a number of dominant group members based on the norms of the immediate organization or community.

According to sociologists, a __________ is one that is advantaged and has superior resources and rights in a society.

__________ discrimination consists of the day-to-day practices of organizations and institutions that have a harmful impact on members of subordinate groups.

Race and Ethnicity

Historically, stratification based on race and ethnicity has pervaded all aspects of political, economics, and social life. Consider sports as an example. Even after __________ broke the "color line" in 1947 to become the first African American in Major League Baseball, his experience was marred by racial slurs, hate letters, and death threats.