Exam 1: The Sociological Perspective and Research Process.

From the Marxian viewpoint, the __________ is composed of those who must sell their labor because they have no other means to earn a livelihood.

In relation to the study of homelessness in American society, __________ would place emphasis on the struggle between social classes, especially how the policies of the wealthy push certain groups into unemployment and homelessness, and would examine welfare program reform.

__________ refers to the cultural heritage or identity of a group and is based on factors such as language or country of origin.

__________ perspectives are based on the assumption that society is a stable, orderly system.

French philosopher Auguste Comte's philosophy became known as __________, a belief that the world can best be understood through scientific inquiry.

In relation to the study of education in America, __________ would emphasize the daily activities within the schools and the various forms of communication between teachers and students. They would also examine the influence of peer groups and look at the reaction when school rules are broken or followed.

In relation to the study of education in America, __________ would look at the role the schools play in maintaining the social system as a whole; how education provides the young with skills they need later in life; and how it transmits cultural values from one generation to the next.

According to feminist theorists, we live in a patriarchy, which is a system in which men dominate women and in which things considered to be "male" or "masculine" are more highly valued than those considered to be "female" or "feminine."

According to sociologist Robert K. Merton, __________ are the undesirable consequences of any element of a society.

During the __________, massive economic, technological, and social changes occurred as machine technology and the factory system shifted the economic base of nations from agriculture to manufacturing.

Joyce wants to do a study of domestic abuse but lacks the time and money to gather her own data. Consequently, she analyzes data previously gathered by the National Opinion Research Center that is related to this topic. In this case, Joyce is conducting __________.

Sociologist Talcott Parsons suggested that a division of labor between husband and wife is essential for family stability and social order. The wife/mother is responsible for the instrumental tasks, including housework, caring for the children, and providing emotional support for the entire family.

According to the __________ perspective, existing theories have been unsuccessful in explaining social life in contemporary societies that are characterized by postindustrialization, consumerism, and global communications.

__________ is the relative location of a person or group within the larger society, based on wealth, power, prestige, or other valued resources.

Briefly discuss either (a) secondary analysis or (b) the experiment in terms of what it involves along with its advantages and disadvantages.

Sociologist Max Weber believed that societies developed through a process of "struggle" (for existence) and "fitness" (for survival), which he referred to as the "survival of the fittest."

Becky is taking a course at a university in Bombay, India as a part of a student exchange program. She is having difficulty accepting many of the local customs including the status of cows, the caste system, and the apparent lack of respect women receive. Becky is making a sincere effort, however, to understand the Indian customs and to place this behavior within a broader social context. In view of this, Becky is engaging the __________.

Describe the main points of Karl Marx's theory of class conflict.

Define industrialization and urbanization, and explain the role of each in furthering sociological thought.

__________ are specific strategies or techniques for systematically conducting research.