Question 1

Sexual selection refers to the idea that

Accepted Answer

A) mate selection,and therefore reproductive success,depends on specific behavioral and physical aspects of an organism. 
B) monogamous species tend to show greater fitness for their environments than do polygamous species. 
C) natural selection involves genetic variation produced by random mating rather than by mutations. 
D) natural selection operates differently on polygamous males than on monogamous males. 
A) mate selection,and therefore reproductive success,depends on specific behavioral and physical aspects of an organism. 
B) monogamous species tend to show greater fitness for their environments than do polygamous species. 
C) natural selection involves genetic variation produced by random mating rather than by mutations. 
D) natural selection operates differently on polygamous males than on monogamous males.

Question 2

The saying "You scratch my back,and I'll scratch yours" is a familiar way of describing the principle of

Accepted Answer

A) adaptation. 
B) sexual selection. 
C) reciprocity. 
D) exaptation. 
A) adaptation. 
B) sexual selection. 
C) reciprocity. 
D) exaptation.

Question 3

A researcher who is interested in when marsupial traits evolved does a comparative study of all the mammalian species of Australia.She finds that most Australian mammals are marsupials,and she concludes that marsupial traits originated in Australia shortly after Australian mammals were geographically isolated from the other continents.Is this conclusion valid?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes. 
B) No,because she did not consider that the traits in question may be homologous. 
C) No,because she did not study any non-Australian mammals. 
D) No,because she did not consider the unique environmental problems that Australia posed for mammalian evolution. 
A) Yes. 
B) No,because she did not consider that the traits in question may be homologous. 
C) No,because she did not study any non-Australian mammals. 
D) No,because she did not consider the unique environmental problems that Australia posed for mammalian evolution.

Question 4

A researcher discovers that men who play the guitar have more offspring compared to others,and concludes that playing the guitar is evolutionarily adaptive.Among the objections one might make to this conclusion,which aspect (if any)of Darwin's principles of natural selection has NOT been shown?

Accepted Answer

A) Individuals within a population vary and are not identical. 
B) Some of this variation is heritable. 
C) Not all individuals are equally successful at reproducing. 
D) None of the above. 
A) Individuals within a population vary and are not identical. 
B) Some of this variation is heritable. 
C) Not all individuals are equally successful at reproducing. 
D) None of the above.

Question 5

Within the lifetime of a single individual,environmental information affects

Accepted Answer

A) both the genotype and the phenotype. 
B) the genotype but not the phenotype. 
C) the phenotype but not the genotype. 
D) neither the genotype nor the phenotype. 
A) both the genotype and the phenotype. 
B) the genotype but not the phenotype. 
C) the phenotype but not the genotype. 
D) neither the genotype nor the phenotype.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a basic premise of natural selection proposed by Darwin?

Accepted Answer

A) Individuals within a population vary and are not identical. 
B) Some of this variation is heritable. 
C) Heritable traits are encoded in DNA. 
D) Not all individuals are equally successful at reproducing. 
A) Individuals within a population vary and are not identical. 
B) Some of this variation is heritable. 
C) Heritable traits are encoded in DNA. 
D) Not all individuals are equally successful at reproducing.

Question 7

Consider the following conditional statements:
(1)If there is a D on one side of the card,then there is a 3 on the other side.
(2)If you drink alcohol,then you must be over 21 years old.
According to Cosmides (1984),people understand conditional statements when they involve social exchange information (2)better than they understand more abstract information (1)because

Accepted Answer

A) social exchange situations involve the detection of potential cheaters,which is a skill we have evolved. 
B) social exchange situations produce less processing load in working memory than do purely descriptive or abstract versions. 
C) conditional logic is less important in social exchange situations than in abstract situations. 
D) social exchange situations in which conditional logic is important are less common than abstract situations in which conditional logic is important. 
A) social exchange situations involve the detection of potential cheaters,which is a skill we have evolved. 
B) social exchange situations produce less processing load in working memory than do purely descriptive or abstract versions. 
C) conditional logic is less important in social exchange situations than in abstract situations. 
D) social exchange situations in which conditional logic is important are less common than abstract situations in which conditional logic is important.

Question 8

One limitation of the transgenic mouse is that because of ________,a change in one gene results in multiple changes to the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) mutation / phenotype 
B) mutation / genotype 
C) genetic pleiotropy / phenotype 
D) genetic pleiotropy / genotype 
A) mutation / phenotype 
B) mutation / genotype 
C) genetic pleiotropy / phenotype 
D) genetic pleiotropy / genotype

Question 9

________ refers to the mutual "give and take" in social relationships.

Accepted Answer

A) Altruism 
B) Exaptation 
C) Natural selection 
D) Reciprocity 
A) Altruism 
B) Exaptation 
C) Natural selection 
D) Reciprocity

Question 10

In some species,the hippocampus is larger in males relative to females.What is one general characteristic that all these species tend to share?

Accepted Answer

A) They have an external gestation period. 
B) They are monogamous. 
C) They are polyandrous. 
D) They are polygamous. 
A) They have an external gestation period. 
B) They are monogamous. 
C) They are polyandrous. 
D) They are polygamous.

Question 11

Which of the following LEAST exemplifies a topic in the field of ethology?

Accepted Answer

A) The ability of an insect to find its way home after foraging 
B) The ability of a pigeon to learn a delayed-response task in the laboratory 
C) The ability of birds to learn the position of the celestial pole in the night sky 
D) The ability of a chimpanzee to recognize the aggressive facial expression of another chimpanzee 
A) The ability of an insect to find its way home after foraging 
B) The ability of a pigeon to learn a delayed-response task in the laboratory 
C) The ability of birds to learn the position of the celestial pole in the night sky 
D) The ability of a chimpanzee to recognize the aggressive facial expression of another chimpanzee

Question 12

A mutation is a change in the genetic structure of an organism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The term sociobiology is associated with

Accepted Answer

A) E.O.Wilson. 
B) Stephen Jay Gould. 
C) Charles Darwin. 
D) Richard Dawkins. 
A) E.O.Wilson. 
B) Stephen Jay Gould. 
C) Charles Darwin. 
D) Richard Dawkins.

Question 14

The term recombination refers to a change in the frequency of an allele within a population.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The various specific forms of a gene that give rise to variation in the gene pool are called

Accepted Answer

A) phenotypes. 
B) alleles. 
C) exaptations. 
D) adaptations. 
A) phenotypes. 
B) alleles. 
C) exaptations. 
D) adaptations.

Question 16

The comparative neurobiologist Jon Kaas (1997)undermined the idea that

Accepted Answer

A) complex brains evolve by expanding the amount of association cortex. 
B) all primates have brain regions homologous to human area MT. 
C) the bill of the duck-billed platypus is an exaptation. 
D) one gene is responsible for a single trait or behavior. 
A) complex brains evolve by expanding the amount of association cortex. 
B) all primates have brain regions homologous to human area MT. 
C) the bill of the duck-billed platypus is an exaptation. 
D) one gene is responsible for a single trait or behavior.

Question 17

A heritable trait is one that

Accepted Answer

A) is the result of a mutation. 
B) can be linked to genetic variation. 
C) leads to increased reproductive success. 
D) is associated with adaptive behavior. 
A) is the result of a mutation. 
B) can be linked to genetic variation. 
C) leads to increased reproductive success. 
D) is associated with adaptive behavior.

Question 18

The insect wing is thought to have first evolved because it provided the benefit of thermoregulation.Only later,when wings became large,did it also come to provide the important benefit of flight.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) exaptation. 
B) phenotypic shift. 
C) an allele. 
D) meiotic division. 
A) exaptation. 
B) phenotypic shift. 
C) an allele. 
D) meiotic division.

Question 19

The relationship between which of the following pairs of traits is homoplasic?

Accepted Answer

A) Human hands and bat wings 
B) Human MT and gorilla MT 
C) Human eyes and reptilian eyes 
D) Human music and birdsong 
A) Human hands and bat wings 
B) Human MT and gorilla MT 
C) Human eyes and reptilian eyes 
D) Human music and birdsong

Question 20

All of the following represent differences between the human brain and the brains of other species EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) the human brain contains a greater number of cortical columns than do the brains of other species. 
B) the dendritic spines in human neurons have different physiological properties than the dendritic spines found in other species. 
C) human brains are comprised of two basic cell types (neurons and glia);other species have only one basic cell type. 
D) the pattern of connectivity between specialized brain regions is different in humans than in other species. 
A) the human brain contains a greater number of cortical columns than do the brains of other species. 
B) the dendritic spines in human neurons have different physiological properties than the dendritic spines found in other species. 
C) human brains are comprised of two basic cell types (neurons and glia);other species have only one basic cell type. 
D) the pattern of connectivity between specialized brain regions is different in humans than in other species.

Sexual selection refers to the idea that

The saying "You scratch my back,and I'll scratch yours" is a familiar way of describing the principle of

A researcher discovers that men who play the guitar have more offspring compared to others,and concludes that playing the guitar is evolutionarily adaptive.Among the objections one might make to this conclusion,which aspect (if any)of Darwin's principles of natural selection has NOT been shown?

Within the lifetime of a single individual,environmental information affects

Which of the following is NOT a basic premise of natural selection proposed by Darwin?

One limitation of the transgenic mouse is that because of ,a change in one gene results in multiple changes to the .

________ refers to the mutual "give and take" in social relationships.

In some species,the hippocampus is larger in males relative to females.What is one general characteristic that all these species tend to share?

Which of the following LEAST exemplifies a topic in the field of ethology?

A mutation is a change in the genetic structure of an organism.

The term sociobiology is associated with

The term recombination refers to a change in the frequency of an allele within a population.

The various specific forms of a gene that give rise to variation in the gene pool are called

The comparative neurobiologist Jon Kaas (1997)undermined the idea that

A heritable trait is one that

The insect wing is thought to have first evolved because it provided the benefit of thermoregulation.Only later,when wings became large,did it also come to provide the important benefit of flight.This is an example of

The relationship between which of the following pairs of traits is homoplasic?

All of the following represent differences between the human brain and the brains of other species EXCEPT

A Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience

Cellular Mechanisms and Cognition

Neuroanatomy and Development

Methods of Cognitive Neuroscience

Sensation and Perception

Object Recognition

The Control of Action

Learning and Memory

Emotion

Language

Hemispheric Specialization

Attention and Consciousness

Cognitive Control

Social Cognition

Filters

Exam 15: Evolutionary Perspectives

Sexual selection refers to the idea that

The saying "You scratch my back,and I'll scratch yours" is a familiar way of describing the principle of

A researcher discovers that men who play the guitar have more offspring compared to others,and concludes that playing the guitar is evolutionarily adaptive.Among the objections one might make to this conclusion,which aspect (if any)of Darwin's principles of natural selection has NOT been shown?

Within the lifetime of a single individual,environmental information affects

Which of the following is NOT a basic premise of natural selection proposed by Darwin?

One limitation of the transgenic mouse is that because of ________,a change in one gene results in multiple changes to the ________.

________ refers to the mutual "give and take" in social relationships.

In some species,the hippocampus is larger in males relative to females.What is one general characteristic that all these species tend to share?

Which of the following LEAST exemplifies a topic in the field of ethology?

A mutation is a change in the genetic structure of an organism.

The term sociobiology is associated with

The term recombination refers to a change in the frequency of an allele within a population.

The various specific forms of a gene that give rise to variation in the gene pool are called

The comparative neurobiologist Jon Kaas (1997)undermined the idea that

A heritable trait is one that

The insect wing is thought to have first evolved because it provided the benefit of thermoregulation.Only later,when wings became large,did it also come to provide the important benefit of flight.This is an example of

The relationship between which of the following pairs of traits is homoplasic?

All of the following represent differences between the human brain and the brains of other species EXCEPT

A Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience

Cellular Mechanisms and Cognition

Neuroanatomy and Development

Methods of Cognitive Neuroscience

Sensation and Perception

Object Recognition

The Control of Action

Learning and Memory

Emotion

Language

Hemispheric Specialization

Attention and Consciousness

Cognitive Control

Social Cognition

Filters

One limitation of the transgenic mouse is that because of ,a change in one gene results in multiple changes to the .