Question 1

When performing a single-cell recording,researchers carefully insert a thin electrode through the cell membrane into the interior of a neuron.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which neuroimaging technique involves injecting an isotope of oxygen into the bloodstream and using it to measure regional cerebral blood flow?

Accepted Answer

A) fMRI 
B) PET 
C) CT 
D) EEG 
A) fMRI 
B) PET 
C) CT 
D) EEG

Question 3

What can you infer about the responsiveness of two neurons in the visual cortex that lie next to each other in V1?

Accepted Answer

A) Both cells share a common receptive field. 
B) The cells are sensitive to exactly the same stimulus characteristics. 
C) The receptive fields of these cells are also next to each other. 
D) Both cells have identical baseline activity rates. 
A) Both cells share a common receptive field. 
B) The cells are sensitive to exactly the same stimulus characteristics. 
C) The receptive fields of these cells are also next to each other. 
D) Both cells have identical baseline activity rates.

Question 4

Posner and his colleagues had participants view two letters and respond according to whether these letters were both vowels,both consonants,or one of each.Participants were fastest when viewing two physically identical letters,somewhat slower when viewing the same letter in two different fonts,and slowest in the case where two different consonants were presented.This finding shows that

Accepted Answer

A) we form multiple representations of stimuli. 
B) we form representations of stimuli based only on their physical attributes. 
C) we form representations of stimuli based only on their abstract category membership. 
D) more complex mental representations produce faster reaction times. 
A) we form multiple representations of stimuli. 
B) we form representations of stimuli based only on their physical attributes. 
C) we form representations of stimuli based only on their abstract category membership. 
D) more complex mental representations produce faster reaction times.

Question 5

Cognitive neuropsychological approaches using people who have suffered a stroke,tumor,or neurological disorder are sometimes described as "correlational." Explain what this means,and provide a hypothetical case study to illustrate your point.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive neuropsychological approaches

Question 6

One of the experimental strengths of brain-lesion methods in animals,compared to human neuropsychology,is that

Accepted Answer

A) animal work can be truly experimental,whereas with humans we are limited to correlational inferences. 
B) with animal work,we can be confident that the effect of a lesion eliminates the contribution of a single structure. 
C) humans,but not other animals,often develop compensatory strategies to minimize the consequences of a lesion. 
D) with animals,but not humans,we can create temporary "lesions" using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). 
A) animal work can be truly experimental,whereas with humans we are limited to correlational inferences. 
B) with animal work,we can be confident that the effect of a lesion eliminates the contribution of a single structure. 
C) humans,but not other animals,often develop compensatory strategies to minimize the consequences of a lesion. 
D) with animals,but not humans,we can create temporary "lesions" using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

Question 7

The Sternberg experiment showed that the amount of time it takes to compare a target item with a list of items in memory increases with the number of items in the memory set.This is an example of parallel processing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The terms borderzone and watershed area refer to

Accepted Answer

A) the regions where the cerebral arteries overlap in their distribution of blood. 
B) the ventricles,which contain cerebrospinal fluid. 
C) the system of blood vessels that drain blood from the cerebral hemispheres. 
D) any area that is damaged due to a cerebrovascular accident. 
A) the regions where the cerebral arteries overlap in their distribution of blood. 
B) the ventricles,which contain cerebrospinal fluid. 
C) the system of blood vessels that drain blood from the cerebral hemispheres. 
D) any area that is damaged due to a cerebrovascular accident.

Question 9

The term tonotopic refers to the fact that the cochlea and the auditory cortex contain maps that are organized according to the sound frequencies that best stimulate the cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Research using ________ models sometimes involves "lesioning" the model to see if it adequately simulates the behavioral deficits observed in neurological patients.

Accepted Answer

A) symbolic 
B) propositional 
C) neural network 
D) chronometric 
A) symbolic 
B) propositional 
C) neural network 
D) chronometric

Question 11

A knockout mouse

Accepted Answer

A) has damage to a particular neural structure due to a physical lesion. 
B) has a transient functional lesion because of administration of neurotransmitter antagonists. 
C) is part of a special genetic strain that lacks or no longer expresses certain genes. 
D) is bred to perform poorly on maze-solving tasks. 
A) has damage to a particular neural structure due to a physical lesion. 
B) has a transient functional lesion because of administration of neurotransmitter antagonists. 
C) is part of a special genetic strain that lacks or no longer expresses certain genes. 
D) is bred to perform poorly on maze-solving tasks.

Question 12

The technique known as ________ can be used to induce virtual lesions in humans.

Accepted Answer

A) EEG (electroencephalography) 
B) TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation) 
C) MEG (magnetoencephalography) 
D) PET (positron emission tomography) 
A) EEG (electroencephalography) 
B) TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation) 
C) MEG (magnetoencephalography) 
D) PET (positron emission tomography)

Question 13

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)is based on a measurement of

Accepted Answer

A) magnetic fields emanating from the surface of the brain. 
B) the distribution of dye in the arteries and veins of the brain. 
C) virtual lesions following intense magnetic stimulation of the brain. 
D) ratios of oxygenated to deoxygenated hemoglobin in the brain. 
A) magnetic fields emanating from the surface of the brain. 
B) the distribution of dye in the arteries and veins of the brain. 
C) virtual lesions following intense magnetic stimulation of the brain. 
D) ratios of oxygenated to deoxygenated hemoglobin in the brain.

Question 14

The small regions in a three-dimensional grid,approximately 5 to 10 cubic millimeters in volume,that neuroimagers use to map the brain are known as

Accepted Answer

A) posners. 
B) sternbergs. 
C) voxels. 
D) pixels. 
A) posners. 
B) sternbergs. 
C) voxels. 
D) pixels.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of computer modeling?

Accepted Answer

A) In creating a simulation,the researcher must be completely explicit in terms of the operations. 
B) Some models have homunculus-like teachers,just like those of biological organisms. 
C) Such models can lead to testable predictions. 
D) Models can be "lesioned" to see how their performance changes when they are altered. 
A) In creating a simulation,the researcher must be completely explicit in terms of the operations. 
B) Some models have homunculus-like teachers,just like those of biological organisms. 
C) Such models can lead to testable predictions. 
D) Models can be "lesioned" to see how their performance changes when they are altered.

Question 16

Which of the following imaging techniques can be thought of as a three-dimensional X-ray?

Accepted Answer

A) MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) 
B) CT (computed tomography) 
C) fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) 
D) PET (positron emission tomography) 
A) MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) 
B) CT (computed tomography) 
C) fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) 
D) PET (positron emission tomography)

Question 17

The Sternberg paradigm illustrates that when a set of letters held in short-term memory is tested with a recognition task,the time needed to respond to a probe item is

Accepted Answer

A) unrelated to the number of items in the memory set and is unrelated to whether the probe item was part of the original list. 
B) unrelated to the number of items in the memory set but is affected by whether the probe item was part of the original list. 
C) related by a linear function to the number of items in the memory set,the slope of which is the same regardless of whether the probe item was part of the original list. 
D) related by a linear function to the number of items in the memory set,the slope of which is steeper when the probe item was not part of the original list. 
A) unrelated to the number of items in the memory set and is unrelated to whether the probe item was part of the original list. 
B) unrelated to the number of items in the memory set but is affected by whether the probe item was part of the original list. 
C) related by a linear function to the number of items in the memory set,the slope of which is the same regardless of whether the probe item was part of the original list. 
D) related by a linear function to the number of items in the memory set,the slope of which is steeper when the probe item was not part of the original list.

Question 18

The driver in a car accident first hits the windshield with great force,then rebounds backward.Which part of the brain would you expect to be damaged as a result of the countercoup injury?

Accepted Answer

A) The dorsolateral frontal lobes 
B) The posterior occipital lobes 
C) The medial temporal lobes 
D) The anterior tips of the temporal lobes 
A) The dorsolateral frontal lobes 
B) The posterior occipital lobes 
C) The medial temporal lobes 
D) The anterior tips of the temporal lobes

Question 19

________ is a general term that refers to disruption of blood flow to the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) Arteriosclerosis 
B) Aneurysm 
C) Ischemia 
D) Hemorrhage 
A) Arteriosclerosis 
B) Aneurysm 
C) Ischemia 
D) Hemorrhage

Question 20

Computational models can vary widely in the level of explanation they seek to provide,and they can range from the cellular/molecular level to the systems level.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

When performing a single-cell recording,researchers carefully insert a thin electrode through the cell membrane into the interior of a neuron.

Which neuroimaging technique involves injecting an isotope of oxygen into the bloodstream and using it to measure regional cerebral blood flow?

What can you infer about the responsiveness of two neurons in the visual cortex that lie next to each other in V1?

Cognitive neuropsychological approaches using people who have suffered a stroke,tumor,or neurological disorder are sometimes described as "correlational." Explain what this means,and provide a hypothetical case study to illustrate your point.

One of the experimental strengths of brain-lesion methods in animals,compared to human neuropsychology,is that

The Sternberg experiment showed that the amount of time it takes to compare a target item with a list of items in memory increases with the number of items in the memory set.This is an example of parallel processing.

The terms borderzone and watershed area refer to

The term tonotopic refers to the fact that the cochlea and the auditory cortex contain maps that are organized according to the sound frequencies that best stimulate the cells.

Research using ________ models sometimes involves "lesioning" the model to see if it adequately simulates the behavioral deficits observed in neurological patients.

A knockout mouse

The technique known as ________ can be used to induce virtual lesions in humans.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)is based on a measurement of

The small regions in a three-dimensional grid,approximately 5 to 10 cubic millimeters in volume,that neuroimagers use to map the brain are known as

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of computer modeling?

Which of the following imaging techniques can be thought of as a three-dimensional X-ray?

The Sternberg paradigm illustrates that when a set of letters held in short-term memory is tested with a recognition task,the time needed to respond to a probe item is

The driver in a car accident first hits the windshield with great force,then rebounds backward.Which part of the brain would you expect to be damaged as a result of the countercoup injury?

________ is a general term that refers to disruption of blood flow to the brain.

Computational models can vary widely in the level of explanation they seek to provide,and they can range from the cellular/molecular level to the systems level.

A Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience

Cellular Mechanisms and Cognition

Neuroanatomy and Development

Sensation and Perception

Object Recognition

The Control of Action

Learning and Memory

Emotion

Language

Hemispheric Specialization

Attention and Consciousness

Cognitive Control

Social Cognition

Evolutionary Perspectives

Filters

Exam 4: Methods of Cognitive Neuroscience

When performing a single-cell recording,researchers carefully insert a thin electrode through the cell membrane into the interior of a neuron.

Which neuroimaging technique involves injecting an isotope of oxygen into the bloodstream and using it to measure regional cerebral blood flow?

What can you infer about the responsiveness of two neurons in the visual cortex that lie next to each other in V1?

Cognitive neuropsychological approaches using people who have suffered a stroke,tumor,or neurological disorder are sometimes described as "correlational." Explain what this means,and provide a hypothetical case study to illustrate your point.

One of the experimental strengths of brain-lesion methods in animals,compared to human neuropsychology,is that

The Sternberg experiment showed that the amount of time it takes to compare a target item with a list of items in memory increases with the number of items in the memory set.This is an example of parallel processing.

The terms borderzone and watershed area refer to

The term tonotopic refers to the fact that the cochlea and the auditory cortex contain maps that are organized according to the sound frequencies that best stimulate the cells.

Research using ________ models sometimes involves "lesioning" the model to see if it adequately simulates the behavioral deficits observed in neurological patients.

A knockout mouse

The technique known as ________ can be used to induce virtual lesions in humans.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)is based on a measurement of

The small regions in a three-dimensional grid,approximately 5 to 10 cubic millimeters in volume,that neuroimagers use to map the brain are known as

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of computer modeling?

Which of the following imaging techniques can be thought of as a three-dimensional X-ray?

The Sternberg paradigm illustrates that when a set of letters held in short-term memory is tested with a recognition task,the time needed to respond to a probe item is

The driver in a car accident first hits the windshield with great force,then rebounds backward.Which part of the brain would you expect to be damaged as a result of the countercoup injury?

________ is a general term that refers to disruption of blood flow to the brain.

Computational models can vary widely in the level of explanation they seek to provide,and they can range from the cellular/molecular level to the systems level.

A Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience

Cellular Mechanisms and Cognition

Neuroanatomy and Development

Sensation and Perception

Object Recognition

The Control of Action

Learning and Memory

Emotion

Language

Hemispheric Specialization

Attention and Consciousness

Cognitive Control

Social Cognition

Evolutionary Perspectives

Filters