Exam 11: Mutation: the Source of Genetic Variation

Genomic imprinting is caused by epigenetic changes to DNA

All genes on all human chromosomes are subject to imprinting.

A radiation dose of 400 rem, if untreated, causes death within 60 days of about ____________________ percent of people exposed to it.

Mutation rates of human genes are usually expressed as the number of

Why do some genetic disorders have a high new mutation rate (hemophilia and muscular dystrophy) while others display a very low new mutation rate (Huntington's disease)?

Sickle cell anemia is caused by a missense mutation.

In a missense mutation:

Genes with large numbers of _____________ base pairs are more likely to have a higher mutation rate than genes with large numbers of ___________ base pairs.

____________ mutations are the underlying cause of most types of cancer.

Fragile-X syndrome is an example of a genetic condition caused by a frameshift mutation.

Chemicals that resemble base pairs and insert themselves into DNA molecules are called ____________________ agents.

Which of the following elements, when added to a nucleotide base, will create a base analog?

Which of the following does NOT affect the mutation rate of a gene?

Thymine can be converted to uracil by a chemical mutagen.

Which of the following will occur to a cell that undergoes a critical amount of mutational damage?

Julie has pigmented spots and tumors on her skin and nervous system. It is determined the disease Julie has is autosomal dominant. Julie most likely has _____________.

All chromosomally normal individuals have an equal number of autosomes from each parent.

Why is it easier to detect the formation of sex-linked recessive mutations than autosomal recessive mutations?

Addition or deletion of a nucleotide in a gene causes a type of mutation called a ____________________.

For the average person in the U.S., the largest source of radiation exposure is