Question 1

Which is false regarding the South Cascade and Alaskan glaciers?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Alaskan glaciers studied have lost on average more than 50km³ (12mi³) per year from the 1950s to today. 
B)  9% of global sea level rise is coming from the melting of Alaskan glaciers. 
C)  The South Cascade Glacier has retreated every year since 1955, except 1972.. 
D)  Water from melting Alaskan glaciers is contributing more to global sea level rise than the glaciers of Greenland. 
E)  The Columbia Glacier in Alaska has advanced 12 km (7.5 mi) from 1982 to 2002. 
A)  The Alaskan glaciers studied have lost on average more than 50km³ (12mi³) per year from the 1950s to today. 
B)  9% of global sea level rise is coming from the melting of Alaskan glaciers. 
C)  The South Cascade Glacier has retreated every year since 1955, except 1972.. 
D)  Water from melting Alaskan glaciers is contributing more to global sea level rise than the glaciers of Greenland. 
E)  The Columbia Glacier in Alaska has advanced 12 km (7.5 mi) from 1982 to 2002.

Question 2

The process of calving produces

Accepted Answer

A)  baby steers. 
B)  nunataks. 
C)  roche moutonné. 
D)  icebergs. 
E)  moraines. 
A)  baby steers. 
B)  nunataks. 
C)  roche moutonné. 
D)  icebergs. 
E)  moraines.

Question 3

Unfrozen ground in a region of discontinuous permafrost is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  nunatak. 
B)  talik. 
C)  cryotic zone. 
D)  patterned ground. 
A)  nunatak. 
B)  talik. 
C)  cryotic zone. 
D)  patterned ground.

Question 4

Melting and refreezing of snow acts to ________ ice density and ________ the sphericity (roundness) of the original snowflakes.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase; increase 
B)  increase; decrease 
C)  decrease; increase 
D)  decrease; decrease 
A)  increase; increase 
B)  increase; decrease 
C)  decrease; increase 
D)  decrease; decrease

Question 5

Approximately what percentage of the world's freshwater is frozen?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 percent 
B)  30 percent 
C)  50 percent 
D)  77 percent 
A)  10 percent 
B)  30 percent 
C)  50 percent 
D)  77 percent

Question 6

The Pleistocene ice age $\underline { \text { began } }$ 18,000 years ago.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following are erosional landforms created by alpine glaciation?

Accepted Answer

A)  drumlins 
B)  eskers 
C)  till plains 
D)  cols and horns 
A)  drumlins 
B)  eskers 
C)  till plains 
D)  cols and horns

Question 8

A winding hill of sorted sand and gravel deposits is known as a/n ________ and is deposited by a/n ________ glacier.

Accepted Answer

A)  drumlin; continental 
B)  drumlin; alpine 
C)  esker; alpine 
D)  esker; continental 
E)  medial moraine; alpine 
A)  drumlin; continental 
B)  drumlin; alpine 
C)  esker; alpine 
D)  esker; continental 
E)  medial moraine; alpine

Question 9

It is now virtually certain that the dominant cause of recent ice ages is

Accepted Answer

A)  the blocking of sunlight by volcanic eruptions. 
B)  variations in Earth-Sun orbital relationships. 
C)  changes in radiation output from the Sun. 
D)  the blocking of sunlight by galactic dust. 
A)  the blocking of sunlight by volcanic eruptions. 
B)  variations in Earth-Sun orbital relationships. 
C)  changes in radiation output from the Sun. 
D)  the blocking of sunlight by galactic dust.

Question 10

Basal slip is facilitated by

Accepted Answer

A)  regelation. 
B)  presence of melt water. 
C)  saturated sediments. 
D)  all of these. 
E)  None of these-basal ice does not move. 
A)  regelation. 
B)  presence of melt water. 
C)  saturated sediments. 
D)  all of these. 
E)  None of these-basal ice does not move.

Question 11

The Holocene epoch-in which we live-is probably an interglacial within an ice age period.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following does$\underline {   \text { not }  }$consist of stratified glacial deposits?

Accepted Answer

A)  esker 
B)  drumlin 
C)  kame 
A)  esker 
B)  drumlin 
C)  kame

Question 13

Glacier surges may be associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  ice quakes. 
B)  mass imbalance. 
C)  water pressure. 
D)  all of these 
E)  B and C only 
A)  ice quakes. 
B)  mass imbalance. 
C)  water pressure. 
D)  all of these 
E)  B and C only

Question 14

Which of the following is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  75% of glaciers in the European Alps have receded in the past 50 years. 
B)  The South Cascade Glacier has lost an average of 55 cm per year from 1955-2006. 
C)  25% of global sea level rise is coming from melting alpine glaciers. 
D)  Mt. St. Helens and Mt. Shasta have seen 37% increases in glacial mass from 1983-2005. 
A)  75% of glaciers in the European Alps have receded in the past 50 years. 
B)  The South Cascade Glacier has lost an average of 55 cm per year from 1955-2006. 
C)  25% of global sea level rise is coming from melting alpine glaciers. 
D)  Mt. St. Helens and Mt. Shasta have seen 37% increases in glacial mass from 1983-2005.

Question 15

Recent work suggests the climate is not as stable as once believed and that it can change fairly quickly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Which is false regarding the South Cascade and Alaskan glaciers?

The process of calving produces

Unfrozen ground in a region of discontinuous permafrost is known as

Melting and refreezing of snow acts to ice density and the sphericity (roundness) of the original snowflakes.

Approximately what percentage of the world's freshwater is frozen?

The Pleistocene ice age $\underline { \text { began } }$ 18,000 years ago.

Which of the following are erosional landforms created by alpine glaciation?

A winding hill of sorted sand and gravel deposits is known as a/n and is deposited by a/n glacier.

It is now virtually certain that the dominant cause of recent ice ages is

Basal slip is facilitated by

The Holocene epoch-in which we live-is probably an interglacial within an ice age period.

Which of the following does $\underline { \text { not } }$ consist of stratified glacial deposits?

Glacier surges may be associated with

Which of the following is false?

Recent work suggests the climate is not as stable as once believed and that it can change fairly quickly.

Foundations of Geography

Solar Energy, Seasons, and the Atmosphere

Atmospheric Energy and Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation

Atmospheric Water and Weather

Water Resources

Global Climate Systems

The Dynamic Planet

Earthquakes and Volcanoes

Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

Wind Processes and Desert Landscapes

The Oceans, Coastal Processes, and Landforms

The Geography of Soils

Ecosystems and Biomes

Earth and the Human Denominator

Filters

Exam 14: Glacial and Penglacial Landscapes

Which is false regarding the South Cascade and Alaskan glaciers?

The process of calving produces

Unfrozen ground in a region of discontinuous permafrost is known as

Melting and refreezing of snow acts to ________ ice density and ________ the sphericity (roundness) of the original snowflakes.

Approximately what percentage of the world's freshwater is frozen?

The Pleistocene ice age began ‾\underline { \text { began } } began ​ 18,000 years ago.

Which of the following are erosional landforms created by alpine glaciation?

A winding hill of sorted sand and gravel deposits is known as a/n ________ and is deposited by a/n ________ glacier.

It is now virtually certain that the dominant cause of recent ice ages is

Basal slip is facilitated by

The Holocene epoch-in which we live-is probably an interglacial within an ice age period.

Which of the following does not ‾\underline { \text { not } } not ​ consist of stratified glacial deposits?

Glacier surges may be associated with

Which of the following is false?

Recent work suggests the climate is not as stable as once believed and that it can change fairly quickly.

Foundations of Geography

Solar Energy, Seasons, and the Atmosphere

Atmospheric Energy and Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation

Atmospheric Water and Weather

Water Resources

Global Climate Systems

The Dynamic Planet

Earthquakes and Volcanoes

Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

Wind Processes and Desert Landscapes

The Oceans, Coastal Processes, and Landforms

The Geography of Soils

Ecosystems and Biomes

Earth and the Human Denominator

Filters

Melting and refreezing of snow acts to ice density and the sphericity (roundness) of the original snowflakes.

The Pleistocene ice age $\underline { \text { began } }$ 18,000 years ago.

A winding hill of sorted sand and gravel deposits is known as a/n and is deposited by a/n glacier.

Which of the following does $\underline { \text { not } }$ consist of stratified glacial deposits?