Question 1

Which of the following is false regarding the Pleistocene ice sheets in North America?

Accepted Answer

A)  At their maximum, they extended only to the present-day Canadian border. 
B)  Their maximum thickness was about 2 km (1.2 mi). 
C)  They had a drastic effect on the landscape. 
D)  They disappeared by 7,000 years ago. 
E)  The edges of the ice sheets were not even; rather, they were characterized by ice lobes that formed curved edges. 
A)  At their maximum, they extended only to the present-day Canadian border. 
B)  Their maximum thickness was about 2 km (1.2 mi). 
C)  They had a drastic effect on the landscape. 
D)  They disappeared by 7,000 years ago. 
E)  The edges of the ice sheets were not even; rather, they were characterized by ice lobes that formed curved edges.

Question 2

Which of these statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Periglacial regions occupy about 20 percent of Earth's land area. 
B)  Subarctic climate regions with seasonally snow-free ground are periglacial regions. 
C)  Permanently frozen subsurface ground is called permafrost. 
D)  Periglacial regions can sometimes feature polygonal rock formations. 
E)  All of these are correct. 
A)  Periglacial regions occupy about 20 percent of Earth's land area. 
B)  Subarctic climate regions with seasonally snow-free ground are periglacial regions. 
C)  Permanently frozen subsurface ground is called permafrost. 
D)  Periglacial regions can sometimes feature polygonal rock formations. 
E)  All of these are correct.

Question 3

When two valley glaciers join together, they form a ________ at the point at which they merge.

Accepted Answer

A)  terminal moraine 
B)  till plain 
C)  recessional moraine 
D)  medial moraine 
A)  terminal moraine 
B)  till plain 
C)  recessional moraine 
D)  medial moraine

Question 4

$\underline {  \text { Snow }  }$ that has a compact, granular structure is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  snowflakes. 
B)  firn. 
C)  glacial ice. 
D)  meta-ice. 
A)  snowflakes. 
B)  firn. 
C)  glacial ice. 
D)  meta-ice.

Question 5

Which of the following would $\underline {   \text { not }  }$ be found in an alpine glacial valley?

Accepted Answer

A)  paternoster lakes 
B)  hanging valleys 
C)  waterfalls 
D)  esker 
A)  paternoster lakes 
B)  hanging valleys 
C)  waterfalls 
D)  esker

Question 6

Which of the following is considered to be a possible mechanism for glacier surges?

Accepted Answer

A)  basal slip 
B)  slight floating of the glacier 
C)  fracturing 
D)  all of the above 
E)  A and B only 
A)  basal slip 
B)  slight floating of the glacier 
C)  fracturing 
D)  all of the above 
E)  A and B only

Question 7

Roche moutonnées form as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  abrasion on both the stoss (upstream) and lee (downstream) side of a rocky outcrop. 
B)  ice plucking on both the stoss and lee side of a rocky outcrop. 
C)  abrasion on the stoss side and ice plucking on the lee side of a rocky outcrop. 
D)  ice plucking on the stoss side and abrasion on the lee side of a rocky outcrop. 
E)  none of these 
A)  abrasion on both the stoss (upstream) and lee (downstream) side of a rocky outcrop. 
B)  ice plucking on both the stoss and lee side of a rocky outcrop. 
C)  abrasion on the stoss side and ice plucking on the lee side of a rocky outcrop. 
D)  ice plucking on the stoss side and abrasion on the lee side of a rocky outcrop. 
E)  none of these

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding permafrost?

Accepted Answer

A)  It develops where soil or rock temperatures are below freezing for at least two years. 
B)  It is an area that is covered by glaciers. 
C)  The surface layer in a permafrost region never thaws-even during the warm season. 
D)  It occurs at a lower elevation in the midlatitudes than in the high latitudes. 
A)  It develops where soil or rock temperatures are below freezing for at least two years. 
B)  It is an area that is covered by glaciers. 
C)  The surface layer in a permafrost region never thaws-even during the warm season. 
D)  It occurs at a lower elevation in the midlatitudes than in the high latitudes.

Question 9

A general term for a mass of perennial ice, resting on land or floating shelf-like in the sea adjacent to land is

Accepted Answer

A)  the snowline. 
B)  an iceberg. 
C)  a glacier. 
D)  moraine. 
A)  the snowline. 
B)  an iceberg. 
C)  a glacier. 
D)  moraine.

Question 10

The bulk of ice on Earth is sitting in

Accepted Answer

A)  North America, specifically Alaska. 
B)  European and Asian mountain ranges. 
C)  Greenland and Antarctica. 
D)  floating ice shelves and packs. 
A)  North America, specifically Alaska. 
B)  European and Asian mountain ranges. 
C)  Greenland and Antarctica. 
D)  floating ice shelves and packs.

Question 11

Mountain summits are often characterized by a surface composed of blocks of loose rock that is known as a ________, and which forms by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  nunatak; ice plucking 
B)  nunatak; frost action 
C)  felsenmeer; ice plucking 
D)  felsenmeer; frost action 
E)  roche moutonnées; frost action 
A)  nunatak; ice plucking 
B)  nunatak; frost action 
C)  felsenmeer; ice plucking 
D)  felsenmeer; frost action 
E)  roche moutonnées; frost action

Question 12

Which of the following types of moraines is oriented parallel to the direction of ice flow?

Accepted Answer

A)  terminal 
B)  recessional 
C)  medial 
A)  terminal 
B)  recessional 
C)  medial

Question 13

The CO? levels in the atmosphere are now $\underline {\text { higher }}$than at any time in the past 200,000 years.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following is $\underline {   \text { not }  }$ an adaptation to living in periglacial regions?

Accepted Answer

A)  buildings placed directly on frozen, hard surfaces 
B)  water and sewage lines in elevated trays above the ground 
C)  raised oil pipelines above the frozen ground 
D)  careful maintenance of rail tracks and roadbeds in the summer 
A)  buildings placed directly on frozen, hard surfaces 
B)  water and sewage lines in elevated trays above the ground 
C)  raised oil pipelines above the frozen ground 
D)  careful maintenance of rail tracks and roadbeds in the summer

Question 15

Which of the following is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  A typical ice age includes periods of warming. 
B)  During most of Earth's history, the planet has been much cooler than it has been during the last two million years. 
C)  Modern humans and our immediate ancestors (Homo erectus and Homo sapiens) lived during a climate anomaly. 
D)  We may be living in an interglacial of an ice age. 
A)  A typical ice age includes periods of warming. 
B)  During most of Earth's history, the planet has been much cooler than it has been during the last two million years. 
C)  Modern humans and our immediate ancestors (Homo erectus and Homo sapiens) lived during a climate anomaly. 
D)  We may be living in an interglacial of an ice age.

Question 16

Relative to the entire history of our planet, Earth has been in one of its $\underline {\text { Warmest } }$ phases for the past 1.65 million years.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The movement of continents and the formation of mountain ranges have no significant influence on the development of ice age conditions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Continuous ice sheets, ice caps, and ice fields are drained on their periphery by

Accepted Answer

A)  piedmont glaciers. 
B)  mountain glaciers. 
C)  outlet glaciers. 
D)  valley glaciers. 
A)  piedmont glaciers. 
B)  mountain glaciers. 
C)  outlet glaciers. 
D)  valley glaciers.

Question 19

Permafrost describes those portions of the ocean that are constantly covered by floating ice.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Glacial ice forms more quickly in polar environments than in midlatitude, alpine environments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Which of the following is false regarding the Pleistocene ice sheets in North America?

Which of these statements is correct?

When two valley glaciers join together, they form a ________ at the point at which they merge.

$\underline { \text { Snow } }$ that has a compact, granular structure is known as

Which of the following would $\underline { \text { not } }$ be found in an alpine glacial valley?

Which of the following is considered to be a possible mechanism for glacier surges?

Roche moutonnées form as a result of

Which of the following is true regarding permafrost?

A general term for a mass of perennial ice, resting on land or floating shelf-like in the sea adjacent to land is

The bulk of ice on Earth is sitting in

Mountain summits are often characterized by a surface composed of blocks of loose rock that is known as a , and which forms by .

Which of the following types of moraines is oriented parallel to the direction of ice flow?

The CO? levels in the atmosphere are now $\underline {\text { higher }}$ than at any time in the past 200,000 years.

Which of the following is $\underline { \text { not } }$ an adaptation to living in periglacial regions?

Which of the following is false?

Relative to the entire history of our planet, Earth has been in one of its $\underline {\text { Warmest } }$ phases for the past 1.65 million years.

The movement of continents and the formation of mountain ranges have no significant influence on the development of ice age conditions.

Continuous ice sheets, ice caps, and ice fields are drained on their periphery by

Permafrost describes those portions of the ocean that are constantly covered by floating ice.

Glacial ice forms more quickly in polar environments than in midlatitude, alpine environments.

Foundations of Geography

Solar Energy, Seasons, and the Atmosphere

Atmospheric Energy and Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation

Atmospheric Water and Weather

Water Resources

Global Climate Systems

The Dynamic Planet

Earthquakes and Volcanoes

Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

Wind Processes and Desert Landscapes

The Oceans, Coastal Processes, and Landforms

The Geography of Soils

Ecosystems and Biomes

Earth and the Human Denominator

Filters

Exam 14: Glacial and Penglacial Landscapes

Which of the following is false regarding the Pleistocene ice sheets in North America?

Which of these statements is correct?

When two valley glaciers join together, they form a ________ at the point at which they merge.

Snow ‾\underline { \text { Snow } } Snow ​ that has a compact, granular structure is known as

Which of the following would not ‾\underline { \text { not } } not ​ be found in an alpine glacial valley?

Which of the following is considered to be a possible mechanism for glacier surges?

Roche moutonnées form as a result of

Which of the following is true regarding permafrost?

A general term for a mass of perennial ice, resting on land or floating shelf-like in the sea adjacent to land is

The bulk of ice on Earth is sitting in

Mountain summits are often characterized by a surface composed of blocks of loose rock that is known as a ________, and which forms by ________.

Which of the following types of moraines is oriented parallel to the direction of ice flow?

The CO? levels in the atmosphere are now higher ‾\underline {\text { higher }} higher ​ than at any time in the past 200,000 years.

Which of the following is not ‾\underline { \text { not } } not ​ an adaptation to living in periglacial regions?

Which of the following is false?

Relative to the entire history of our planet, Earth has been in one of its Warmest ‾\underline {\text { Warmest } } Warmest ​ phases for the past 1.65 million years.

The movement of continents and the formation of mountain ranges have no significant influence on the development of ice age conditions.

Continuous ice sheets, ice caps, and ice fields are drained on their periphery by

Permafrost describes those portions of the ocean that are constantly covered by floating ice.

Glacial ice forms more quickly in polar environments than in midlatitude, alpine environments.

Foundations of Geography

Solar Energy, Seasons, and the Atmosphere

Atmospheric Energy and Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation

Atmospheric Water and Weather

Water Resources

Global Climate Systems

The Dynamic Planet

Earthquakes and Volcanoes

Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

Wind Processes and Desert Landscapes

The Oceans, Coastal Processes, and Landforms

The Geography of Soils

Ecosystems and Biomes

Earth and the Human Denominator

Filters

$\underline { \text { Snow } }$ that has a compact, granular structure is known as

Which of the following would $\underline { \text { not } }$ be found in an alpine glacial valley?

Mountain summits are often characterized by a surface composed of blocks of loose rock that is known as a , and which forms by .

The CO? levels in the atmosphere are now $\underline {\text { higher }}$ than at any time in the past 200,000 years.

Which of the following is $\underline { \text { not } }$ an adaptation to living in periglacial regions?

Relative to the entire history of our planet, Earth has been in one of its $\underline {\text { Warmest } }$ phases for the past 1.65 million years.