Question 1

Complex research studies that ask more than one research question usually use only one research approach.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Which of the following conditions apply to the comparative approach:

Accepted Answer

A)  Random assignment of treatments or conditions to intact groups 
B)  Attribute independent variable 
C)  The independent variable is usually controlled by the researcher 
D)  b and c 
A)  Random assignment of treatments or conditions to intact groups 
B)  Attribute independent variable 
C)  The independent variable is usually controlled by the researcher 
D)  b and c B

Question 3

Which of the following conditions apply to the randomized experimental approach:

Accepted Answer

A)  Random assignment of treatments or conditions to intact groups 
B)  Active or attribute independent variable 
C)  The independent variable is usually controlled by the researcher 
D)  a and b 
A)  Random assignment of treatments or conditions to intact groups 
B)  Active or attribute independent variable 
C)  The independent variable is usually controlled by the researcher 
D)  a and b C

Question 4

Descriptive questions are not answered with inferential statistics.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which types of research approach(es) focus on group differences?

Accepted Answer

A)  Associational 
B)  Randomized Experimental 
C)  Comparative 
D)  Quasi-experimental 
E)  b, c, and d 
A)  Associational 
B)  Randomized Experimental 
C)  Comparative 
D)  Quasi-experimental 
E)  b, c, and d

Question 6

What is the main difference between experimental and nonexperimental approaches?

Accepted Answer

The experimental approach has an active

Question 7

Match the description that best fits the type of approach
-Quasi-experimental:

Accepted Answer

A)  Compares groups (but does not tell you about causes) 
B)  Summarizes or describes the data 
C)  Examines causality (but usually does not provide strong evidence) 
D)  Associates the many levels of one variable with the many levels of another variable 
E)  Tries to determine causality (uses random assignment) 
A)  Compares groups (but does not tell you about causes) 
B)  Summarizes or describes the data 
C)  Examines causality (but usually does not provide strong evidence) 
D)  Associates the many levels of one variable with the many levels of another variable 
E)  Tries to determine causality (uses random assignment)

Question 8

Match the description that best fits the type of approach
-Associational:

Accepted Answer

A)  Compares groups (but does not tell you about causes) 
B)  Summarizes or describes the data 
C)  Examines causality (but usually does not provide strong evidence) 
D)  Associates the many levels of one variable with the many levels of another variable 
E)  Tries to determine causality (uses random assignment) 
A)  Compares groups (but does not tell you about causes) 
B)  Summarizes or describes the data 
C)  Examines causality (but usually does not provide strong evidence) 
D)  Associates the many levels of one variable with the many levels of another variable 
E)  Tries to determine causality (uses random assignment)

Question 9

Discuss the differences and similarities between experimental and quasi-experimental research approaches.

Accepted Answer

Similarities: Both approaches are experi

Question 10

Random sampling of participants is necessary to infer causality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

There will be a positive relationship between weight and blood cholesterol level. This is a research hypothesis for what type of research approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  Associational 
B)  Randomized experimental 
C)  Comparative 
D)  Descriptive 
A)  Associational 
B)  Randomized experimental 
C)  Comparative 
D)  Descriptive

Question 12

Match the description that best fits the type of approach
-Comparative:

Accepted Answer

A)  Compares groups (but does not tell you about causes) 
B)  Summarizes or describes the data 
C)  Examines causality (but usually does not provide strong evidence) 
D)  Associates the many levels of one variable with the many levels of another variable 
E)  Tries to determine causality (uses random assignment) 
A)  Compares groups (but does not tell you about causes) 
B)  Summarizes or describes the data 
C)  Examines causality (but usually does not provide strong evidence) 
D)  Associates the many levels of one variable with the many levels of another variable 
E)  Tries to determine causality (uses random assignment)

Question 13

The DV of the comparative approach usually has five or more levels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The IV of the associational approach typically has five or more ordered levels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The following are conditions of the descriptive approach:

Accepted Answer

A)  There are no groups 
B)  There is no independent variable 
C)  There are no comparisons between variables 
D)  All of the above are true 
A)  There are no groups 
B)  There is no independent variable 
C)  There are no comparisons between variables 
D)  All of the above are true

Question 16

Children with low, medium, and high IQs differ on the Iowa Basics Skills exam. This is a research hypothesis for what type of research approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  Associational 
B)  Randomized experimental 
C)  Comparative 
D)  Descriptive 
A)  Associational 
B)  Randomized experimental 
C)  Comparative 
D)  Descriptive

Question 17

Match the description that best fits the type of approach
-Descriptive:

Accepted Answer

A)  Compares groups (but does not tell you about causes) 
B)  Summarizes or describes the data 
C)  Examines causality (but usually does not provide strong evidence) 
D)  Associates the many levels of one variable with the many levels of another variable 
E)  Tries to determine causality (uses random assignment) 
A)  Compares groups (but does not tell you about causes) 
B)  Summarizes or describes the data 
C)  Examines causality (but usually does not provide strong evidence) 
D)  Associates the many levels of one variable with the many levels of another variable 
E)  Tries to determine causality (uses random assignment)

Question 18

Match the description that best fits the type of approach
-(Randomized) experimental:

Accepted Answer

A)  Compares groups (but does not tell you about causes) 
B)  Summarizes or describes the data 
C)  Examines causality (but usually does not provide strong evidence) 
D)  Associates the many levels of one variable with the many levels of another variable 
E)  Tries to determine causality (uses random assignment) 
A)  Compares groups (but does not tell you about causes) 
B)  Summarizes or describes the data 
C)  Examines causality (but usually does not provide strong evidence) 
D)  Associates the many levels of one variable with the many levels of another variable 
E)  Tries to determine causality (uses random assignment)

Question 19

A basic, randomized experimental approach requires the following criteria:

Accepted Answer

A)  Attribute IV 
B)  Active IV 
C)  Random assignment of participants to groups 
D)  Random assignment of treatments to participants 
E)  b and c 
A)  Attribute IV 
B)  Active IV 
C)  Random assignment of participants to groups 
D)  Random assignment of treatments to participants 
E)  b and c

Question 20

Which of the following conditions apply to the associational approach:

Accepted Answer

A)  Random assignment of treatments or conditions to intact groups 
B)  Attribute independent variable 
C)  Manipulation of the independent variable by the researcher 
D)  a and b 
A)  Random assignment of treatments or conditions to intact groups 
B)  Attribute independent variable 
C)  Manipulation of the independent variable by the researcher 
D)  a and b

Exam 4: Research Approaches

Complex research studies that ask more than one research question usually use only one research approach.

Which of the following conditions apply to the comparative approach:

Which of the following conditions apply to the randomized experimental approach:

Descriptive questions are not answered with inferential statistics.

Which types of research approach(es) focus on group differences?

What is the main difference between experimental and nonexperimental approaches?

Match the description that best fits the type of approach -Quasi-experimental:

Match the description that best fits the type of approach -Associational:

Discuss the differences and similarities between experimental and quasi-experimental research approaches.

Random sampling of participants is necessary to infer causality.

There will be a positive relationship between weight and blood cholesterol level. This is a research hypothesis for what type of research approach?

Match the description that best fits the type of approach -Comparative:

The DV of the comparative approach usually has five or more levels.

The IV of the associational approach typically has five or more ordered levels.

The following are conditions of the descriptive approach:

Children with low, medium, and high IQs differ on the Iowa Basics Skills exam. This is a research hypothesis for what type of research approach?

Match the description that best fits the type of approach -Descriptive:

Match the description that best fits the type of approach -(Randomized) experimental:

A basic, randomized experimental approach requires the following criteria:

Which of the following conditions apply to the associational approach:

Definitions, Purposes, and Dimensions of Research

Planning a Quantitative Research Project

Variables, Research Questions, and Hypotheses

Randomized Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Single-Subject Designs

Nonexperimental Approachesdesigns

Internal Validity

Sampling and Introduction to External Validity

Measurement and Descriptive Statistics

Measurement Reliability

Measurement Validity

Types of Data Collection Techniques

Ethical Issues in Conducting the Study

Practical Issues in Data Collection and Coding

Making Inferences From Sample Data I: The Null Hypothesis Significance Testing Approach

Making Inferences From Sample Data II: the Evidence-Based Approach

General Design Classifications for Selection of Difference Statistical Methods

Selection of Appropriate Statistical Methods: Integration of Design and Analysis

Data Analysis and Interpretation: Basic Difference Questions

Analysis and Interpretation of Basic Associational Research Questions

Analysis and Interpretation of Complex Research Questions

Evaluating Research Validity: Part I

Evaluating Research Validity: Part II

Evaluating Research for Evidence-Based Practice

Writing the Research Report

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