Question 1

Describe utilitarian (or cost-benefit analysis) as it relates to ethics.

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism, or cost-benefit analysis, is an ethical theory that evaluates the morality of an action based on the overall happiness or well-being it produces. This approach to ethics focuses on maximizing the greatest good for the greatest number of people. In the context of cost-benefit analysis, this means weighing the potential benefits and harms of a decision in order to determine the most ethical course of action.

Utilitarianism considers the consequences of an action as the primary factor in determining its ethicality. This means that the potential positive and negative outcomes of a decision are carefully considered, and the action that is expected to produce the greatest overall benefit is deemed the most ethical choice.

In practical terms, utilitarianism can be applied to various ethical dilemmas, such as those involving public policy, business decisions, or personal conduct. For example, a government may use cost-benefit analysis to determine whether a new infrastructure project will provide enough benefits to justify its costs. Similarly, a company may weigh the potential environmental impact of its operations against the economic benefits of its activities.

Critics of utilitarianism argue that it can lead to the justification of actions that violate individual rights or prioritize the majority at the expense of minority groups. Additionally, it can be challenging to accurately predict and measure the long-term consequences of a decision, which can make it difficult to apply utilitarian principles in practice.

Overall, utilitarianism and cost-benefit analysis provide a framework for evaluating the ethical implications of decisions by considering their potential impact on the well-being of individuals and society as a whole. However, it is important to carefully consider the potential limitations and criticisms of this approach when applying it to real-world situations.

Question 2

Which of the following are elements in the three-way ethics test?

Accepted Answer

A)  Virtues test 
B)  Antifraud test 
C)  Industrial test 
D)  Generalization test 
E)  Utilitarian test 
A)  Virtues test 
B)  Antifraud test 
C)  Industrial test 
D)  Generalization test 
E)  Utilitarian test A,D,E

Question 3

Describe the differences between universal and relativism ethics.

Accepted Answer

Universal ethics and relativism ethics are two contrasting approaches to moral philosophy.

Universal ethics, also known as moral absolutism, holds that there are certain ethical principles that are universally applicable to all people, regardless of their cultural or societal context. These principles are considered to be objective and unchanging, and they provide a foundation for determining what is morally right or wrong. Proponents of universal ethics argue that there are fundamental moral truths that apply to all individuals, and that these truths can be discovered through reason and rational inquiry.

On the other hand, relativism ethics asserts that ethical principles are not universal, but rather are dependent on the cultural, societal, or individual context in which they are applied. According to relativism, what is considered morally right or wrong can vary from one culture or society to another, and there are no absolute moral truths that apply to all people. Relativists argue that moral values and norms are shaped by cultural and historical factors, and that individuals should be tolerant and open-minded towards different ethical perspectives.

In summary, the main difference between universal and relativism ethics lies in their approach to moral principles. Universal ethics emphasizes the existence of objective and unchanging moral truths that apply to all individuals, while relativism ethics emphasizes the diversity and variability of ethical principles across different cultures and societies.

Question 4

Which of the following would be considered external pressure or cross-cultural inconsistency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stakeholder satisfaction 
B)  Peer pressure 
C)  Penalties for not performing 
D)  Pressure from management 
E)  Global differences in perceptions of what constitutes ethical practices 
A)  Stakeholder satisfaction 
B)  Peer pressure 
C)  Penalties for not performing 
D)  Pressure from management 
E)  Global differences in perceptions of what constitutes ethical practices

Question 5

_________ is the process of convincing oneself that a decision is rational and ethical, when in fact it really serves self-interest or provides an easy way out of the ethical dilemma.

Accepted Answer

A)  Denying a problem exists 
B)  Turning a deaf ear 
C)  Labeling blame 
D)  Justifying unethical behavior 
E)  Ethical rationalization 
A)  Denying a problem exists 
B)  Turning a deaf ear 
C)  Labeling blame 
D)  Justifying unethical behavior 
E)  Ethical rationalization

Question 6

Which of the following is not true regarding managerial ethics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most professional associations in the functional areas of business have codes of ethics. 
B)  Most large corporations have developed written codes of ethics. 
C)  In codes of conduct, some companies have developed warning signs of unethical behavior. 
D)  Managing ethics provides a form of self-regulation that can lead to less government regulation. 
E)  Managers usually ignore codes of conduct and ethics policies. 
A)  Most professional associations in the functional areas of business have codes of ethics. 
B)  Most large corporations have developed written codes of ethics. 
C)  In codes of conduct, some companies have developed warning signs of unethical behavior. 
D)  Managing ethics provides a form of self-regulation that can lead to less government regulation. 
E)  Managers usually ignore codes of conduct and ethics policies.

Question 7

You should consider rights of a person, group, or organization is another guide to making ethical decisions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

We should be honest because honesty is ethical and dishonesty is unethical behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

_________ means standards of human decency govern right and wrong behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  Deontology 
B)  Numerology 
C)  Ethical deployment 
D)  Generalization 
E)  Teleology 
A)  Deontology 
B)  Numerology 
C)  Ethical deployment 
D)  Generalization 
E)  Teleology

Question 10

If pondering an ethical question, you said something like, "Would my parents be proud of me if they knew I did this?" would be considered common sense.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which statement about the levels of moral development is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  At the third level, postconventional, behavior is motivated by doing the right thing, even at the risk of alienating the group. 
B)  At the highest level, superconventional, behavior is motivated by doing greater good, even to the point of breaking the law. 
C)  At the highest level, behavior is meeting the group's expectations to fit in by copying others' good behavior. 
D)  At the lowest level of moral development, preconventional, behavior is motivated by self-interest-seeking rewards and avoiding punishment. 
E)  At the second level, conventional, behavior is motivated by meeting the group's expectations to fit in by copying others' behavior. 
A)  At the third level, postconventional, behavior is motivated by doing the right thing, even at the risk of alienating the group. 
B)  At the highest level, superconventional, behavior is motivated by doing greater good, even to the point of breaking the law. 
C)  At the highest level, behavior is meeting the group's expectations to fit in by copying others' good behavior. 
D)  At the lowest level of moral development, preconventional, behavior is motivated by self-interest-seeking rewards and avoiding punishment. 
E)  At the second level, conventional, behavior is motivated by meeting the group's expectations to fit in by copying others' behavior.

Question 12

What statements are true regarding management ethics and business ethics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Management ethics and business ethics are essentially the same. 
B)  Managerial ethics differs from business ethics because managers are not only responsible for their individual behavior at work; they have ethical responsibilities because of their position. 
C)  Managers need only answer to the ethical questions involving their employees. 
D)  Managers are responsible for developing moral standard policies and procedures to guide employee behavior and for ensuring that their employees behave ethically. 
E)  Managers face more stakeholders with conflicting interests than employees. 
A)  Management ethics and business ethics are essentially the same. 
B)  Managerial ethics differs from business ethics because managers are not only responsible for their individual behavior at work; they have ethical responsibilities because of their position. 
C)  Managers need only answer to the ethical questions involving their employees. 
D)  Managers are responsible for developing moral standard policies and procedures to guide employee behavior and for ensuring that their employees behave ethically. 
E)  Managers face more stakeholders with conflicting interests than employees.

Question 13

Which statement best describes how the 5 Is strategic analysis includes the stakeholder approach and ethics?

Accepted Answer

A)  When making decisions on how to deal with issues, interested stakeholders and their incentives are identified by ethical managers. 
B)  Alternative strategies are generated and evaluated by ethical managers. 
C)  Each alternative is assessed for the consequences to strategic stakeholders using a cost vs. benefit analysis in both the market and nonmarket environment. 
D)  Each alternative strategy must pass the test of being legal and ethical to be selected and implemented. 
E)  These would all be good descriptions. 
A)  When making decisions on how to deal with issues, interested stakeholders and their incentives are identified by ethical managers. 
B)  Alternative strategies are generated and evaluated by ethical managers. 
C)  Each alternative is assessed for the consequences to strategic stakeholders using a cost vs. benefit analysis in both the market and nonmarket environment. 
D)  Each alternative strategy must pass the test of being legal and ethical to be selected and implemented. 
E)  These would all be good descriptions.

Question 14

A/n ________ occurs when a decision must be made in the midst of conflicting interests; sometimes there is no simple right and wrong answer.

Accepted Answer

A)  shortfall 
B)  alternative strategy 
C)  ethical dilemma 
D)  justification 
E)  moral development 
A)  shortfall 
B)  alternative strategy 
C)  ethical dilemma 
D)  justification 
E)  moral development

Question 15

Penalties for not performing to a certain level can pressure people to act unethically

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which statements about the levels of moral development are correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  At the lowest level of moral development, preconventional, behavior is motivated by self-interest-seeking rewards and avoiding punishment. 
B)  At the second level, conventional, behavior is motivated by meeting the group's expectations to fit in by copying others' behavior. 
C)  At the third level, postconventional, behavior is motivated by doing the right thing, even at the risk of alienating the group. 
D)  At the fourth level, hyperconventional, ethical behavior is ignored altogether. 
E)  At the highest level, superconventional, behavior is motivated by doing greater good, even to the point of breaking the law. 
A)  At the lowest level of moral development, preconventional, behavior is motivated by self-interest-seeking rewards and avoiding punishment. 
B)  At the second level, conventional, behavior is motivated by meeting the group's expectations to fit in by copying others' behavior. 
C)  At the third level, postconventional, behavior is motivated by doing the right thing, even at the risk of alienating the group. 
D)  At the fourth level, hyperconventional, ethical behavior is ignored altogether. 
E)  At the highest level, superconventional, behavior is motivated by doing greater good, even to the point of breaking the law.

Question 17

Explain the relationship between business ethics and ethical dilemmas.

Accepted Answer

Business ethics and ethical dilemmas are

Question 18

Which statement is not a myth about business ethics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Business ethics is simple; just follow a guide such as "don't do anything you wouldn't want to appear on the front page of the newspaper." 
B)  There is no point in studying ethics because we all know what is right; it's just a matter of doing what is ethical. 
C)  Ethics is just a matter of opinion. 
D)  We learn ethics as kids and really can't change our behavior to be more ethical as adults. 
E)  Ethics can be learned and taught. 
A)  Business ethics is simple; just follow a guide such as "don't do anything you wouldn't want to appear on the front page of the newspaper." 
B)  There is no point in studying ethics because we all know what is right; it's just a matter of doing what is ethical. 
C)  Ethics is just a matter of opinion. 
D)  We learn ethics as kids and really can't change our behavior to be more ethical as adults. 
E)  Ethics can be learned and taught.

Question 19

"Do unto others as you would have them do unto you" is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  correct moral level 
B)  affirmative action 
C)  disclosure 
D)  the path to ethical righteousness 
E)  the Golden Rule 
A)  correct moral level 
B)  affirmative action 
C)  disclosure 
D)  the path to ethical righteousness 
E)  the Golden Rule

Question 20

________ is the moral standard of right and wrong, and fairness that influences behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conscience 
B)  Generalization 
C)  Ethics 
D)  Law 
E)  Custom 
A)  Conscience 
B)  Generalization 
C)  Ethics 
D)  Law 
E)  Custom

Describe utilitarian (or cost-benefit analysis) as it relates to ethics.

Which of the following are elements in the three-way ethics test?

Describe the differences between universal and relativism ethics.

Which of the following would be considered external pressure or cross-cultural inconsistency?

_________ is the process of convincing oneself that a decision is rational and ethical, when in fact it really serves self-interest or provides an easy way out of the ethical dilemma.

Which of the following is not true regarding managerial ethics?

You should consider rights of a person, group, or organization is another guide to making ethical decisions.

We should be honest because honesty is ethical and dishonesty is unethical behavior.

_________ means standards of human decency govern right and wrong behavior.

If pondering an ethical question, you said something like, "Would my parents be proud of me if they knew I did this?" would be considered common sense.

Which statement about the levels of moral development is not true?

What statements are true regarding management ethics and business ethics?

Which statement best describes how the 5 Is strategic analysis includes the stakeholder approach and ethics?

A/n ________ occurs when a decision must be made in the midst of conflicting interests; sometimes there is no simple right and wrong answer.

Penalties for not performing to a certain level can pressure people to act unethically

Which statements about the levels of moral development are correct?

Explain the relationship between business ethics and ethical dilemmas.

Which statement is not a myth about business ethics?

"Do unto others as you would have them do unto you" is known as __________.

________ is the moral standard of right and wrong, and fairness that influences behavior.

The Business, Society and Government Ethical Interrelationship Stakeholder Environment Business

Strategic Stakeholder and Ethical Public Affairs, Issues and Crisis Management

Employees, Stockholders and Corporate Governance

Corporate Social Responsibility, Citizenship and Diversity Society

Community, Consumerism, and the Media

Strategies of Societal and Business Interest Groups Government

Law Making and Political Strategies

Law Enforcing and Regulatory Strategies

Law Interpreting, Antitrust, and Judiciary Strategies International Business, Society and Government

Competing in the Global Environment

Global Technology, the Natural Environment and Sustainability

Exploring the Benefits and Challenges of BPM Transformation Program

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Exam 5: Business Ethics

Describe utilitarian (or cost-benefit analysis) as it relates to ethics.

Which of the following are elements in the three-way ethics test?

Describe the differences between universal and relativism ethics.

Which of the following would be considered external pressure or cross-cultural inconsistency?

_________ is the process of convincing oneself that a decision is rational and ethical, when in fact it really serves self-interest or provides an easy way out of the ethical dilemma.

Which of the following is not true regarding managerial ethics?

You should consider rights of a person, group, or organization is another guide to making ethical decisions.

We should be honest because honesty is ethical and dishonesty is unethical behavior.

_________ means standards of human decency govern right and wrong behavior.

If pondering an ethical question, you said something like, "Would my parents be proud of me if they knew I did this?" would be considered common sense.

Which statement about the levels of moral development is not true?

What statements are true regarding management ethics and business ethics?

Which statement best describes how the 5 Is strategic analysis includes the stakeholder approach and ethics?

A/n ________ occurs when a decision must be made in the midst of conflicting interests; sometimes there is no simple right and wrong answer.

Penalties for not performing to a certain level can pressure people to act unethically

Which statements about the levels of moral development are correct?

Explain the relationship between business ethics and ethical dilemmas.

Which statement is not a myth about business ethics?

"Do unto others as you would have them do unto you" is known as __________.

________ is the moral standard of right and wrong, and fairness that influences behavior.

The Business, Society and Government Ethical Interrelationship Stakeholder Environment Business

Strategic Stakeholder and Ethical Public Affairs, Issues and Crisis Management

Employees, Stockholders and Corporate Governance

Corporate Social Responsibility, Citizenship and Diversity Society

Community, Consumerism, and the Media

Strategies of Societal and Business Interest Groups Government

Law Making and Political Strategies

Law Enforcing and Regulatory Strategies

Law Interpreting, Antitrust, and Judiciary Strategies International Business, Society and Government

Competing in the Global Environment

Global Technology, the Natural Environment and Sustainability

Exploring the Benefits and Challenges of BPM Transformation Program

Filters