Question 1

What is the major rationale for affirmative action?

Accepted Answer

A) All hiring and promotion should result from objective tests and measures of job performance. 
B) To achieve racial equality, it is necessary only to remove de jure segregation. 
C) Racial criteria should never be used in school admission or employment decisions. 
D) Special consideration for racial minorities is necessary to overcome the effects of centuries of racial discrimination. 
E) Previous court decisions failed to specifically address minimum economic needs. 
A) All hiring and promotion should result from objective tests and measures of job performance. 
B) To achieve racial equality, it is necessary only to remove de jure segregation. 
C) Racial criteria should never be used in school admission or employment decisions. 
D) Special consideration for racial minorities is necessary to overcome the effects of centuries of racial discrimination. 
E) Previous court decisions failed to specifically address minimum economic needs.

Question 2

The Equal Rights Amendment was passed

Accepted Answer

A) by both houses and signed into law. 
B) by the House but failed in the Senate. 
C) by both houses but fell three states short of ratification. 
D) and ratified but was overturned by the Supreme Court. 
E) by a three-fourths vote of the state legislatures. 
A) by both houses and signed into law. 
B) by the House but failed in the Senate. 
C) by both houses but fell three states short of ratification. 
D) and ratified but was overturned by the Supreme Court. 
E) by a three-fourths vote of the state legislatures.

Question 3

Which of the following tactics were used by white southerners to keep blacks from voting in the years after the Civil War?

Accepted Answer

A) Poll tax 
B) Literacy tests 
C) Grandfather clause 
D) Intimidation and violence 
E) All of these choices are true. 
A) Poll tax 
B) Literacy tests 
C) Grandfather clause 
D) Intimidation and violence 
E) All of these choices are true.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a recent success of the gay and lesbian rights movement in America?

Accepted Answer

A) Barack Obama became the first sitting president to say he supported same-sex marriage. 
B) Gays and lesbians may now serve openly in the U.S. military. 
C) Six openly gay members serve in the U. S. House of Representatives  and one in the U. S. Senate (113th Congress). 
D) In 2008 California voters became the first in the nation to reject a ballot initiative that banned same-sex marriage. 
E) In 2003 the highest court in Massachusetts ruled that same-sex couples in MA had a state constitutional right to wed. 
A) Barack Obama became the first sitting president to say he supported same-sex marriage. 
B) Gays and lesbians may now serve openly in the U.S. military. 
C) Six openly gay members serve in the U. S. House of Representatives  and one in the U. S. Senate (113th Congress). 
D) In 2008 California voters became the first in the nation to reject a ballot initiative that banned same-sex marriage. 
E) In 2003 the highest court in Massachusetts ruled that same-sex couples in MA had a state constitutional right to wed.

Question 5

In 1973,armed __________ seized eleven hostages at Wounded Knee,South Dakota,and remained there for seventy-one days.

Accepted Answer

A) Native Americans 
B) African Americans 
C) white supremacists 
D) Latinos 
E) army veterans 
A) Native Americans 
B) African Americans 
C) white supremacists 
D) Latinos 
E) army veterans

Question 6

In the years after the Civil War,former slave states enacted ____________,attempting to restrict the freedoms of blacks.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​constitutional amendments 
B) ​civil rights legislation 
C) ​set-asides 
D) ​black codes 
E) ​jurisdiction laws 
A) ​constitutional amendments 
B) ​civil rights legislation 
C) ​set-asides 
D) ​black codes 
E) ​jurisdiction laws

Question 7

In 2003,the Supreme Court revisited the use of affirmative action by the University of Michigan and ruled that

Accepted Answer

A) race could not be used under any circumstances as a consideration in admitting students. 
B) race could not be used by any public college or university, but could be considered by private colleges and universities. 
C) persistent patterns of social discrimination still legitimized the use of race as a "plus factor" when deciding to admit students. 
D) a school's interest in diversity permitted the use of race as one factor in university admissions, as long as all applicants were judged individually on their merits. 
E) race could only be used as long as a fixed system was employed, such as adding a predetermined number of points to an applicant's score, a method that minimized arbitrary discretion by admissions offices. 
A) race could not be used under any circumstances as a consideration in admitting students. 
B) race could not be used by any public college or university, but could be considered by private colleges and universities. 
C) persistent patterns of social discrimination still legitimized the use of race as a "plus factor" when deciding to admit students. 
D) a school's interest in diversity permitted the use of race as one factor in university admissions, as long as all applicants were judged individually on their merits. 
E) race could only be used as long as a fixed system was employed, such as adding a predetermined number of points to an applicant's score, a method that minimized arbitrary discretion by admissions offices.

Question 8

Which of the following statements best described the legal status of Native Americans before they became U.S.citizens?

Accepted Answer

A) They became legal residents through the Fourteenth Amendment. 
B) They were considered members of tribal nations whose relations with the United States were based on treaties. 
C) They were considered enemy combatants by the U.S. government. 
D) They were considered white, non-citizens, since 1776, but they have suffered de facto discrimination. 
E) They were illegal residents. 
A) They became legal residents through the Fourteenth Amendment. 
B) They were considered members of tribal nations whose relations with the United States were based on treaties. 
C) They were considered enemy combatants by the U.S. government. 
D) They were considered white, non-citizens, since 1776, but they have suffered de facto discrimination. 
E) They were illegal residents.

Question 9

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 provided for all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) equal access to public accommodations regardless of race, religion, or national origin. 
B) equal employment opportunities regardless of race. 
C) withholding federal grants-in-aid from state programs that discriminated on the basis of race. 
D) elimination of the poll tax as a requirement for voting. 
E) strengthened voting rights legislation. 
A) equal access to public accommodations regardless of race, religion, or national origin. 
B) equal employment opportunities regardless of race. 
C) withholding federal grants-in-aid from state programs that discriminated on the basis of race. 
D) elimination of the poll tax as a requirement for voting. 
E) strengthened voting rights legislation.

Question 10

The text suggests that in today's environment,minority identification on a law school application​

Accepted Answer

A) ​will generally have no significance. 
B) ​remains a disadvantage to the applicant. 
C) ​can be seen as a positive benefit. 
D) ​is probably unconstitutional. 
E) ​will definitely result in reverse discrimination. 
A) ​will generally have no significance. 
B) ​remains a disadvantage to the applicant. 
C) ​can be seen as a positive benefit. 
D) ​is probably unconstitutional. 
E) ​will definitely result in reverse discrimination.

Question 11

President Lyndon Johnson considered civil rights legislation​

Accepted Answer

A) ​his top priority. 
B) ​something he must work on in remembrance of John Kennedy, who introduced civil rights legislation before being assassinated. 
C) ​unrealistic. 
D) ​unimportant compared to his other legislative initiatives. 
E) ​something that the legislature should work on, and not the president. 
A) ​his top priority. 
B) ​something he must work on in remembrance of John Kennedy, who introduced civil rights legislation before being assassinated. 
C) ​unrealistic. 
D) ​unimportant compared to his other legislative initiatives. 
E) ​something that the legislature should work on, and not the president.

Question 12

In Brown v.Board of Education,the Supreme Court held that​

Accepted Answer

A) ​because conditions at Linda Brown's all-black school were equal to those at the nearby white school, Brown did not have a valid claim. 
B) ​the separate-but-equal doctrine was upheld, though for procedural reasons Brown would prevail in this case. 
C) ​separate is inherently unequal. 
D) ​busing to achieve racial integration was allowed. 
E) ​Jim Crow laws did not violate the constitution. 
A) ​because conditions at Linda Brown's all-black school were equal to those at the nearby white school, Brown did not have a valid claim. 
B) ​the separate-but-equal doctrine was upheld, though for procedural reasons Brown would prevail in this case. 
C) ​separate is inherently unequal. 
D) ​busing to achieve racial integration was allowed. 
E) ​Jim Crow laws did not violate the constitution.

Question 13

Identify and discuss "black codes," being sure to identify the long-term significance of the legislative response to them.​

Accepted Answer

Black codes were laws passed by Southern

Question 14

Which of the following statements concerning Brown v.Board of Education is not correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Linda Brown's father attempted to enroll her in a white public school in Topeka, Kansas. 
B) A federal district court found that the local black public school was equal in quality to the white school. 
C) The Supreme Court intentionally delayed hearing the case until after the 1952 presidential election. 
D) The Supreme Court found that public school segregation violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. 
E) The Court decision was 8-1, with one dissenting opinion by Chief Justice Fred Vinson. 
A) Linda Brown's father attempted to enroll her in a white public school in Topeka, Kansas. 
B) A federal district court found that the local black public school was equal in quality to the white school. 
C) The Supreme Court intentionally delayed hearing the case until after the 1952 presidential election. 
D) The Supreme Court found that public school segregation violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. 
E) The Court decision was 8-1, with one dissenting opinion by Chief Justice Fred Vinson.

Question 15

Civil disobedience is

Accepted Answer

A) the willful but nonviolent breach of "unjust" laws. 
B) the failure to fulfill a contractual agreement. 
C) engaging in actions that are unlikely to promote social change. 
D) violent societal protest, such as staging a riot. 
E) the lawful refusal to follow a court order. 
A) the willful but nonviolent breach of "unjust" laws. 
B) the failure to fulfill a contractual agreement. 
C) engaging in actions that are unlikely to promote social change. 
D) violent societal protest, such as staging a riot. 
E) the lawful refusal to follow a court order.

Question 16

If a person participates in a boycott,he or she

Accepted Answer

A) commits civil disobedience. 
B) stages rallies to protest unenforced civil rights laws. 
C) violates small laws that are generally not enforced so that the local police are too busy to engage in larger crime enforcement. 
D) urges businesses not to comply with federal safety standards. 
E) refuses to buy goods from a particular company. 
A) commits civil disobedience. 
B) stages rallies to protest unenforced civil rights laws. 
C) violates small laws that are generally not enforced so that the local police are too busy to engage in larger crime enforcement. 
D) urges businesses not to comply with federal safety standards. 
E) refuses to buy goods from a particular company.

Question 17

The 2010 Arizona law strictly targeting illegal immigrants included all but which of the following provisions?

Accepted Answer

A) Stepped up local enforcement of federal immigration law. 
B) Obligated the police to determine a person's immigration status if there is reasonable suspicion that the person is in the country illegally. 
C) Made it illegal to shelter, hire, or transport illegal aliens in Arizona. 
D) Made it a crime for an alien to be in Arizona without carrying legal documents. 
E) All of these choices are true. 
A) Stepped up local enforcement of federal immigration law. 
B) Obligated the police to determine a person's immigration status if there is reasonable suspicion that the person is in the country illegally. 
C) Made it illegal to shelter, hire, or transport illegal aliens in Arizona. 
D) Made it a crime for an alien to be in Arizona without carrying legal documents. 
E) All of these choices are true.

Question 18

In Sweatt v.Painter,the Supreme Court​

Accepted Answer

A) ​specifically reaffirmed the separate-but-equal doctrine. 
B) ​ruled that the University of Texas Law School must at a minimum hire black teachers to provide a legal education for black students. 
C) ​decided that the University of Texas was justified in not creating a blacks-only law school. 
D) ​determined that steps the University of Texas Law School had taken on behalf of Sweatt were satisfactory. 
E) ​failed to revisit the Plessy-era separate-but-equal doctrine. 
A) ​specifically reaffirmed the separate-but-equal doctrine. 
B) ​ruled that the University of Texas Law School must at a minimum hire black teachers to provide a legal education for black students. 
C) ​decided that the University of Texas was justified in not creating a blacks-only law school. 
D) ​determined that steps the University of Texas Law School had taken on behalf of Sweatt were satisfactory. 
E) ​failed to revisit the Plessy-era separate-but-equal doctrine.

Question 19

Plessy v.Ferguson,which involved segregated public accommodations,is noteworthy because it

Accepted Answer

A) upheld the principles of the Fourteenth Amendment. 
B) applied the national supremacy clause to such cases. 
C) endorsed the separate-but-equal doctrine. 
D) stated that Congress had no power to pass legislation requiring open public accommodations. 
E) removed the barrier that denied blacks the right to enter public accommodations. 
A) upheld the principles of the Fourteenth Amendment. 
B) applied the national supremacy clause to such cases. 
C) endorsed the separate-but-equal doctrine. 
D) stated that Congress had no power to pass legislation requiring open public accommodations. 
E) removed the barrier that denied blacks the right to enter public accommodations.

Question 20

Which amendment to the Constitution guaranteed women the right to vote?

Accepted Answer

A) Fifteenth Amendment in 1870 
B) Eighteenth Amendment in 1918 
C) Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 
D) Twenty-fourth Amendment in 1964 
E) Twenty-sixth Amendment in 1971 
A) Fifteenth Amendment in 1870 
B) Eighteenth Amendment in 1918 
C) Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 
D) Twenty-fourth Amendment in 1964 
E) Twenty-sixth Amendment in 1971

What is the major rationale for affirmative action?

The Equal Rights Amendment was passed

Which of the following tactics were used by white southerners to keep blacks from voting in the years after the Civil War?

Which of the following is not a recent success of the gay and lesbian rights movement in America?

In 1973,armed __________ seized eleven hostages at Wounded Knee,South Dakota,and remained there for seventy-one days.

In the years after the Civil War,former slave states enacted ____________,attempting to restrict the freedoms of blacks.

In 2003,the Supreme Court revisited the use of affirmative action by the University of Michigan and ruled that

Which of the following statements best described the legal status of Native Americans before they became U.S.citizens?

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 provided for all of the following except

The text suggests that in today's environment,minority identification on a law school application

President Lyndon Johnson considered civil rights legislation

In Brown v.Board of Education,the Supreme Court held that

Identify and discuss "black codes," being sure to identify the long-term significance of the legislative response to them.

Which of the following statements concerning Brown v.Board of Education is not correct?

Civil disobedience is

If a person participates in a boycott,he or she

The 2010 Arizona law strictly targeting illegal immigrants included all but which of the following provisions?

In Sweatt v.Painter,the Supreme Court

Plessy v.Ferguson,which involved segregated public accommodations,is noteworthy because it

Which amendment to the Constitution guaranteed women the right to vote?

Freedom, Order, or Equality

Majoritarian or Pluralist Democracy

The Constitution

Federalism

Public Opinion and Political Socialization

The Media

Participation and Voting

Political Parties

Nominations, Elections, and Campaigns

Interest Groups

Congress

The Presidency

The Bureaucracy

The Courts

Order and Civil Liberties

Economic Policy

Policymaking and Domestic Policy

Filters

Exam 16: Equality and Civil Rights

What is the major rationale for affirmative action?

The Equal Rights Amendment was passed

Which of the following tactics were used by white southerners to keep blacks from voting in the years after the Civil War?

Which of the following is not a recent success of the gay and lesbian rights movement in America?

In 1973,armed __________ seized eleven hostages at Wounded Knee,South Dakota,and remained there for seventy-one days.

In the years after the Civil War,former slave states enacted ____________,attempting to restrict the freedoms of blacks.​

In 2003,the Supreme Court revisited the use of affirmative action by the University of Michigan and ruled that

Which of the following statements best described the legal status of Native Americans before they became U.S.citizens?

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 provided for all of the following except

The text suggests that in today's environment,minority identification on a law school application​

President Lyndon Johnson considered civil rights legislation​

In Brown v.Board of Education,the Supreme Court held that​

Identify and discuss "black codes," being sure to identify the long-term significance of the legislative response to them.​

Which of the following statements concerning Brown v.Board of Education is not correct?

Civil disobedience is

If a person participates in a boycott,he or she

The 2010 Arizona law strictly targeting illegal immigrants included all but which of the following provisions?

In Sweatt v.Painter,the Supreme Court​

Plessy v.Ferguson,which involved segregated public accommodations,is noteworthy because it

Which amendment to the Constitution guaranteed women the right to vote?

Freedom, Order, or Equality

Majoritarian or Pluralist Democracy

The Constitution

Federalism

Public Opinion and Political Socialization

The Media

Participation and Voting

Political Parties

Nominations, Elections, and Campaigns

Interest Groups

Congress

The Presidency

The Bureaucracy

The Courts

Order and Civil Liberties

Economic Policy

Policymaking and Domestic Policy

Filters

In the years after the Civil War,former slave states enacted ____________,attempting to restrict the freedoms of blacks.

The text suggests that in today's environment,minority identification on a law school application

President Lyndon Johnson considered civil rights legislation

In Brown v.Board of Education,the Supreme Court held that

Identify and discuss "black codes," being sure to identify the long-term significance of the legislative response to them.

In Sweatt v.Painter,the Supreme Court