Question 1

The dissolved salts in seawater increases the freezing point, explaining the formation of sea ice.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

What happens to pH levels in regions where there is more carbon dioxide present?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbon dioxide does not heavily impact pH levels. 
B)  The pH levels increase in these regions. 
C)  The pH levels decrease in these regions. 
D)  The seawater is able to buffer enough that there is no change. 
A)  Carbon dioxide does not heavily impact pH levels. 
B)  The pH levels increase in these regions. 
C)  The pH levels decrease in these regions. 
D)  The seawater is able to buffer enough that there is no change. C

Question 3

Which essential gas is often in an unusable form in the ocean and atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nitrogen 
B)  Oxygen 
C)  Carbon dioxide 
D)  Methane 
A)  Nitrogen 
B)  Oxygen 
C)  Carbon dioxide 
D)  Methane A

Question 4

What does carbon dioxide break down into once it is in the ocean?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbonic acid 
B)  Bicarbonate 
C)  Carbonate 
D)  All of these choices 
A)  Carbonic acid 
B)  Bicarbonate 
C)  Carbonate 
D)  All of these choices

Question 5

Sodium and chloride are considered are considered to be nonconservative constituents which have long residence times in the ocean.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

How was salinity measured before the use of salinometers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Silver nitrate was used to measure the chlorinity 
B)  The mass of the salts were measured after water was evaporated 
C)  The conversion of sodium levels to salinity based on equations 
D)  Measure of conductivity 
A)  Silver nitrate was used to measure the chlorinity 
B)  The mass of the salts were measured after water was evaporated 
C)  The conversion of sodium levels to salinity based on equations 
D)  Measure of conductivity

Question 7

Salt as a compound does not truly exist in the ocean.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What is the greatest source of oxygen in deep water?

Accepted Answer

A)  The respiration from bacteria 
B)  The lack of large quantities of organisms 
C)  Chemosynthesis 
D)  Polar waters that have sunk from the surface 
A)  The respiration from bacteria 
B)  The lack of large quantities of organisms 
C)  Chemosynthesis 
D)  Polar waters that have sunk from the surface

Question 9

What is not a factor on the salinity of a particular region of ocean?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evaporation 
B)  Precipitation 
C)  Freshwater run-off from the continents 
D)  Saturation levels 
A)  Evaporation 
B)  Precipitation 
C)  Freshwater run-off from the continents 
D)  Saturation levels

Question 10

What is Forchhammer's principle? Give examples of the evidence which allowed Georg Forchhammer to develop this principle. How do residence times provide a foundation for this principle?

Accepted Answer

Answer should include:
•	The Forchhammer

Question 11

What enhances the ocean's buffering capacity?

Accepted Answer

A)  The amount of dissolved inorganic carbon present 
B)  The amount of acid already present in the ocean 
C)  The amount of dissolved organic compounds 
D)  The amount of calcium 
A)  The amount of dissolved inorganic carbon present 
B)  The amount of acid already present in the ocean 
C)  The amount of dissolved organic compounds 
D)  The amount of calcium

Question 12

What is the average pH of the ocean?

Accepted Answer

A) 7.0 
B) 7.5 
C) 8.0 
D) 8.5 
A) 7.0 
B) 7.5 
C) 8.0 
D) 8.5

Question 13

What affects the residence time of an element?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its saturation level 
B)  Its chemical equilibrium in water 
C)  Its chemical activity in water 
D)  The principle of constant proportions 
A)  Its saturation level 
B)  Its chemical equilibrium in water 
C)  Its chemical activity in water 
D)  The principle of constant proportions

Question 14

What is the source of high carbon dioxide levels at middle depths in the ocean?

Accepted Answer

A)  The decay of the remains of organisms 
B)  It diffuses from the atmosphere 
C)  Chemical reactions 
D)  Plant respiration 
A)  The decay of the remains of organisms 
B)  It diffuses from the atmosphere 
C)  Chemical reactions 
D)  Plant respiration

Question 15

Why is the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in seawater much less than the theoretical maximum saturation level?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbon dioxide is very soluble in water. 
B)  Carbon dioxide is able to form a weak acid when combined with seawater. 
C)  Carbon dioxide is quickly used by photosynthetic organisms. 
D)  Carbon dioxide moves quickly from the atmosphere to the ocean. 
A)  Carbon dioxide is very soluble in water. 
B)  Carbon dioxide is able to form a weak acid when combined with seawater. 
C)  Carbon dioxide is quickly used by photosynthetic organisms. 
D)  Carbon dioxide moves quickly from the atmosphere to the ocean.

Question 16

The level of ____ increases with depth which is a factor in the calcium carbonate compensation depth.

Accepted Answer

A)  Nitrogen 
B)  Oxygen 
C)  Carbon Dioxide 
D)  Ammonia 
A)  Nitrogen 
B)  Oxygen 
C)  Carbon Dioxide 
D)  Ammonia

Question 17

What is the source of most of the dissolved materials found in the ocean?

Accepted Answer

A)  Outgassing 
B)  Convection currents 
C)  Dissolving and weathering of crustal rocks 
D)  Biological activities 
A)  Outgassing 
B)  Convection currents 
C)  Dissolving and weathering of crustal rocks 
D)  Biological activities

Question 18

The Ocean is becoming more acidic as it absorbs additional _________from the atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide 
B)  ozone 
C)  oxygen 
D)  pollution 
A)  carbon dioxide 
B)  ozone 
C)  oxygen 
D)  pollution

Question 19

What is the term for ocean components not accounted for by the weathering of continents?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conservative constituents 
B)  Excess volatiles 
C)  Nonconservative constituents 
D)  Trace elements 
A)  Conservative constituents 
B)  Excess volatiles 
C)  Nonconservative constituents 
D)  Trace elements

Question 20

What factor allows for the carbon present in sediments to re-enter back into atmospheric and oceanic cycles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Geological uplift 
B)  Acid rain 
C)  Sediments dissolving 
D)  All of these choices 
A)  Geological uplift 
B)  Acid rain 
C)  Sediments dissolving 
D)  All of these choices

The dissolved salts in seawater increases the freezing point, explaining the formation of sea ice.

What happens to pH levels in regions where there is more carbon dioxide present?

Which essential gas is often in an unusable form in the ocean and atmosphere?

What does carbon dioxide break down into once it is in the ocean?

Sodium and chloride are considered are considered to be nonconservative constituents which have long residence times in the ocean.

How was salinity measured before the use of salinometers?

Salt as a compound does not truly exist in the ocean.

What is the greatest source of oxygen in deep water?

What is not a factor on the salinity of a particular region of ocean?

What is Forchhammer's principle? Give examples of the evidence which allowed Georg Forchhammer to develop this principle. How do residence times provide a foundation for this principle?

What enhances the ocean's buffering capacity?

What is the average pH of the ocean?

What affects the residence time of an element?

What is the source of high carbon dioxide levels at middle depths in the ocean?

Why is the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in seawater much less than the theoretical maximum saturation level?

The level of ____ increases with depth which is a factor in the calcium carbonate compensation depth.

What is the source of most of the dissolved materials found in the ocean?

The Ocean is becoming more acidic as it absorbs additional _________from the atmosphere.

What is the term for ocean components not accounted for by the weathering of continents?

What factor allows for the carbon present in sediments to re-enter back into atmospheric and oceanic cycles?

The Origin of the Ocean

A History of Marine Science

Earth Structure and Plate Tectonics

Ocean Basins

Ocean Sediments

Water and Ocean Structure

Circulation of the Atmosphere

Circulation of the Ocean

Waves

Tides

Coasts

Life in the Ocean

Plankton, Algae, and Plants

Marine Animals

Marine Communities

Marine Resources

The Ocean and The Environment

Filters

Exam 7: Ocean Chemistry

The dissolved salts in seawater increases the freezing point, explaining the formation of sea ice.

What happens to pH levels in regions where there is more carbon dioxide present?

Which essential gas is often in an unusable form in the ocean and atmosphere?

What does carbon dioxide break down into once it is in the ocean?

Sodium and chloride are considered are considered to be nonconservative constituents which have long residence times in the ocean.

How was salinity measured before the use of salinometers?

Salt as a compound does not truly exist in the ocean.

What is the greatest source of oxygen in deep water?

What is not a factor on the salinity of a particular region of ocean?

What is Forchhammer's principle? Give examples of the evidence which allowed Georg Forchhammer to develop this principle. How do residence times provide a foundation for this principle?

What enhances the ocean's buffering capacity?

What is the average pH of the ocean?

What affects the residence time of an element?

What is the source of high carbon dioxide levels at middle depths in the ocean?

Why is the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in seawater much less than the theoretical maximum saturation level?

The level of ____ increases with depth which is a factor in the calcium carbonate compensation depth.

What is the source of most of the dissolved materials found in the ocean?

The Ocean is becoming more acidic as it absorbs additional _________from the atmosphere.

What is the term for ocean components not accounted for by the weathering of continents?

What factor allows for the carbon present in sediments to re-enter back into atmospheric and oceanic cycles?

The Origin of the Ocean

A History of Marine Science

Earth Structure and Plate Tectonics

Ocean Basins

Ocean Sediments

Water and Ocean Structure

Circulation of the Atmosphere

Circulation of the Ocean

Waves

Tides

Coasts

Life in the Ocean

Plankton, Algae, and Plants

Marine Animals

Marine Communities

Marine Resources

The Ocean and The Environment

Filters