Question 1

Why was the separation of the superforce into three forces so important?

Accepted Answer

The pressure release created t

Question 2

At the end of the first fifteen minutes,the mass ratio of H/He created was about:

Accepted Answer

A)  50/50. 
B)  75/25. 
C)  27/73. 
D)  90/10. 
E)  1/4. 
A)  50/50. 
B)  75/25. 
C)  27/73. 
D)  90/10. 
E)  1/4.

Question 3

The critical temperature above which pair production can occur is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Chandrasekhar Limit. 
B)  Cosmological Constant. 
C)  fusion temperature. 
D)  threshold temperature. 
E)  event horizon. 
A)  Chandrasekhar Limit. 
B)  Cosmological Constant. 
C)  fusion temperature. 
D)  threshold temperature. 
E)  event horizon.

Question 4

The crossover point from radiation to matter domination occurred:

Accepted Answer

A)  when the strong force separated from the other two forces. 
B)  with the emission of the cosmic background radiation. 
C)  about 50,000 years after the Big Bang, at a temperature of about 16,000 K. 
D)  with the creation of neutrons and protons, at about 10¹³ K. 
E)  with the creation of electrons and positrons at about 6 × 10⁹ K. 
A)  when the strong force separated from the other two forces. 
B)  with the emission of the cosmic background radiation. 
C)  about 50,000 years after the Big Bang, at a temperature of about 16,000 K. 
D)  with the creation of neutrons and protons, at about 10¹³ K. 
E)  with the creation of electrons and positrons at about 6 × 10⁹ K.

Question 5

Currently,most of the mass of the matter of the universe is believed to consist of:

Accepted Answer

A)  baryonic matter, made up of protons and neutrons. 
B)  tachyonic matter, travelling only faster than the speed of light. 
C)  dark matter not made of protons and neutrons. 
D)  dark energy. 
E)  tiny but very numerous black holes. 
A)  baryonic matter, made up of protons and neutrons. 
B)  tachyonic matter, travelling only faster than the speed of light. 
C)  dark matter not made of protons and neutrons. 
D)  dark energy. 
E)  tiny but very numerous black holes.

Question 6

Regular atoms did not show up in the universe until when?

Accepted Answer

A few hundred thousand years a

Question 7

The flatness problem is the fact that the observed density of matter is unexpectedly different from the critical density predicted by the inflationary epoch.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What factors would determine that we live in a matter-dominated universe?

Accepted Answer

The density of matter can be approximate

Question 9

The separation of the ________ force from the Grand Unified Force was accompanied by the release of energy which went into forcing an immense inflation of the size of the universe.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The separation of the ________ force from...

Question 10

What did the cosmic microwave background tell cosmologists about the early universe?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nothing; it is a product of the black hole in the center of our own Galaxy. 
B)  The horizon problem, in that the microwave background is almost too isotropic 
C)  The discovery of dark energy and its role in accelerating the universe 
D)  The discovery of relativistic redshifts and the Big Bang 
E)  The dark matter in the universe is mostly baryonic in nature, for a closed Big Bang. 
A)  Nothing; it is a product of the black hole in the center of our own Galaxy. 
B)  The horizon problem, in that the microwave background is almost too isotropic 
C)  The discovery of dark energy and its role in accelerating the universe 
D)  The discovery of relativistic redshifts and the Big Bang 
E)  The dark matter in the universe is mostly baryonic in nature, for a closed Big Bang.

Question 11

The collision of two gamma rays can result in a single particle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Describe the conditions of matter and radiation when in a state of thermal equilibrium.

Accepted Answer

In thermal equilibrium,matter

Question 13

In pair production in the Big Bang,which statement is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The heaviest particles and their antiparticles formed first, from collisions of the highest energy gamma rays. 
B)  Matter is frozen energy, according to Einstein's E = mc². 
C)  Every electron should have a proton formed at the same time with it. 
D)  Even neutrons have their antineutrons, although both lack any charge. 
E)  In addition to familiar neutrons and protons, many other exotic particle and antiparticle pairs formed, but decayed back to radiation. 
A)  The heaviest particles and their antiparticles formed first, from collisions of the highest energy gamma rays. 
B)  Matter is frozen energy, according to Einstein's E = mc². 
C)  Every electron should have a proton formed at the same time with it. 
D)  Even neutrons have their antineutrons, although both lack any charge. 
E)  In addition to familiar neutrons and protons, many other exotic particle and antiparticle pairs formed, but decayed back to radiation.

Question 14

Concerning dark energy,we do know:

Accepted Answer

A)  that it is created when matter annihilates anti-matter. 
B)  its density remains constant over time, so it is not important in the early Universe. 
C)  combined with dark matter, it will ultimately produce a closed universe. 
D)  that it was revealed with Type II supernovae distances in the late 1990s. 
E)  that it makes up 90% of all the matter and energy in the whole universe. 
A)  that it is created when matter annihilates anti-matter. 
B)  its density remains constant over time, so it is not important in the early Universe. 
C)  combined with dark matter, it will ultimately produce a closed universe. 
D)  that it was revealed with Type II supernovae distances in the late 1990s. 
E)  that it makes up 90% of all the matter and energy in the whole universe.

Question 15

Oscillations in the early universe are most similar to:

Accepted Answer

A)  water waves. 
B)  sound waves. 
C)  light waves. 
D)  seismic waves. 
E)  oscillations of stars in the instability strip of the H-R diagram. 
A)  water waves. 
B)  sound waves. 
C)  light waves. 
D)  seismic waves. 
E)  oscillations of stars in the instability strip of the H-R diagram.

Question 16

Which of these could be considered as "hot dark matter"?

Accepted Answer

A)  deuterium 
B)  weakly interacting magnetic particles (WIMPS) 
C)  neutrinos 
D)  dust close to H II regions 
E)  dark energy 
A)  deuterium 
B)  weakly interacting magnetic particles (WIMPS) 
C)  neutrinos 
D)  dust close to H II regions 
E)  dark energy

Question 17

How hot was the universe at time zero?

Accepted Answer

A)  2.73 K 
B)  5, 800 K 
C)  16, 000 K 
D)  10³² K 
E)  We have no theory capable to addressing this question. 
A)  2.73 K 
B)  5, 800 K 
C)  16, 000 K 
D)  10³² K 
E)  We have no theory capable to addressing this question.

Question 18

A compelling advantage of the inflation theory is its explanation of both the ________ and ________ problems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A compelling advantage of the inflation theory...

Question 19

What are GUTs?

Accepted Answer

Grand Unified Theori

Question 20

How could the distance measurements based on white dwarf supernovae be independently validated (or invalidated)?

Accepted Answer

By observing the pre

Exam 27: The Early Universe: Toward the Beginning of Time

Why was the separation of the superforce into three forces so important?

At the end of the first fifteen minutes,the mass ratio of H/He created was about:

The critical temperature above which pair production can occur is called the:

The crossover point from radiation to matter domination occurred:

Currently,most of the mass of the matter of the universe is believed to consist of:

Regular atoms did not show up in the universe until when?

The flatness problem is the fact that the observed density of matter is unexpectedly different from the critical density predicted by the inflationary epoch.

What factors would determine that we live in a matter-dominated universe?

The separation of the ________ force from the Grand Unified Force was accompanied by the release of energy which went into forcing an immense inflation of the size of the universe.

What did the cosmic microwave background tell cosmologists about the early universe?

The collision of two gamma rays can result in a single particle.

Describe the conditions of matter and radiation when in a state of thermal equilibrium.

In pair production in the Big Bang,which statement is FALSE?

Concerning dark energy,we do know:

Oscillations in the early universe are most similar to:

Which of these could be considered as "hot dark matter"?

How hot was the universe at time zero?

A compelling advantage of the inflation theory is its explanation of both the ________ and ________ problems.

What are GUTs?

How could the distance measurements based on white dwarf supernovae be independently validated (or invalidated)?

Charting the Heavens: The Foundations of Astronomy

The Copernican Revolution: The Birth of Modern Science

Radiation: Information from the Cosmos

Spectroscopy: The Inner Workings of Atoms

Telescopes: The Tools of Astronomy

The Solar System: Comparative Planetology and Formation Models

Earth: Our Home in Space

The Moon and Mercury: Scorched and Battered Worlds

Venus: Earth's Sister Planet

Mars: A Near Miss for Life?

Jupiter: Giant of the Solar System

Saturn: Spectacular Rings and Mysterious Moons

Uranus and Neptune: The Outer Worlds of the Solar System

Solar System Debris: Keys to Our Origin

Exoplanets: Planetary Systems Beyond Our Own

The Sun: Our Parent Star

The Stars: Giants,Dwarfs,and the Main Sequence

The Interstellar Medium: Gas and Dust among the Stars

Star Formation: A Traumatic Birth

Stellar Evolution: The Life and Death of a Star

Stellar Explosions: Novae,Supernovae,and the Formation of the Elements

Neutron Stars and Black Holes: Strange States of Matter

The Milky Way Galaxy: A Spiral in Space

Galaxies: Building Blocks of the Universe

Galaxies and Dark Matter: The Large-Scale Structure of the Cosmos

Cosmology: The Big Bang and the Fate of the Universe

Life in the Universe: Are We Alone?

Filters

A compelling advantage of the inflation theory is its explanation of both the and problems.