Question 1

What sequence of events usually occurs in the process of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein → RNA → DNA 
B)  RNA → DNA → protein 
C)  DNA → RNA → protein 
D)  RNA → protein → DNA 
A)  Protein → RNA → DNA 
B)  RNA → DNA → protein 
C)  DNA → RNA → protein 
D)  RNA → protein → DNA

Question 2

Why might crop plants be genetically modified?

Accepted Answer

A)  to decrease pesticide resistance in the plants 
B)  to make the plants more resistant to freezing 
C)  to reduce the amount of fat in the plants 
D)  to increase the incidence of galls in the plants 
A)  to decrease pesticide resistance in the plants 
B)  to make the plants more resistant to freezing 
C)  to reduce the amount of fat in the plants 
D)  to increase the incidence of galls in the plants

Question 3

Which amino acid always begins a polypeptide (protein) during translation?

Accepted Answer

A)  valine 
B)  phenylalanine 
C)  methionine 
D)  arginine 
A)  valine 
B)  phenylalanine 
C)  methionine 
D)  arginine

Question 4

When genes are copied (in transcription), what form does the resulting copy take?

Accepted Answer

A)  complementary strand of DNA 
B)  strand of mRNA 
C)  molecule of tRNA 
D)  palindrome 
A)  complementary strand of DNA 
B)  strand of mRNA 
C)  molecule of tRNA 
D)  palindrome

Question 5

A point mutation results in the incorporation of a new amino acid in a protein. Which structure(s) would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

A)  an incomplete protein that still functions normally 
B)  an altered protein, which could result in a genetic disease 
C)  two proteins produced instead of one 
D)  a protein with no change in function 
A)  an incomplete protein that still functions normally 
B)  an altered protein, which could result in a genetic disease 
C)  two proteins produced instead of one 
D)  a protein with no change in function

Question 6

Why have tomatoes been genetically modified?

Accepted Answer

A)  to improve absorption of vitamins in the human body 
B)  to grow rapidly before temperatures fall below freezing 
C)  to kill insect pests on contact 
D)  to have a longer shelf life in grocery stores 
A)  to improve absorption of vitamins in the human body 
B)  to grow rapidly before temperatures fall below freezing 
C)  to kill insect pests on contact 
D)  to have a longer shelf life in grocery stores

Question 7

How have goats been used in pharming?

Accepted Answer

A)  to produce human clotting factor in their milk 
B)  to produce human insulin in their pancreas 
C)  to produce skin cells for burn patients in their epidermis 
D)  to produce antimicrobial fibers in their hair 
A)  to produce human clotting factor in their milk 
B)  to produce human insulin in their pancreas 
C)  to produce skin cells for burn patients in their epidermis 
D)  to produce antimicrobial fibers in their hair

Question 8

What molecule does a sequence of DNA typically code for?

Accepted Answer

A)  protein 
B)  lipid 
C)  monosaccharide 
D)  nucleotide 
A)  protein 
B)  lipid 
C)  monosaccharide 
D)  nucleotide

Question 9

If the process of protein synthesis in a cell is analogous to a politician's speech being written down by a reporter and then converted into a different language before being published, then to what does the initial step (being written down by a reporter) correspond?

Accepted Answer

A)  transcription 
B)  translation 
C)  genetic recombination 
D)  cloning 
A)  transcription 
B)  translation 
C)  genetic recombination 
D)  cloning

Question 10

What possible harmful environmental effects are of concern regarding GM crops?

Accepted Answer

A)  the decreased use of herbicides when GM crops are herbicide-resistant 
B)  the transfer of genetically modified genes to weedy relatives 
C)  the reduction of genetic diversity in all crops 
D)  an increase in allergic reactions in sensitive humans 
A)  the decreased use of herbicides when GM crops are herbicide-resistant 
B)  the transfer of genetically modified genes to weedy relatives 
C)  the reduction of genetic diversity in all crops 
D)  an increase in allergic reactions in sensitive humans

Question 11

Which polymer is made of nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclease 
B)  mRNA 
C)  proline 
D)  RNA polymerase 
A)  nuclease 
B)  mRNA 
C)  proline 
D)  RNA polymerase

Question 12

Which structure always contains three nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

A)  tRNA 
B)  an anticodon 
C)  mRNA 
D)  ribosome 
A)  tRNA 
B)  an anticodon 
C)  mRNA 
D)  ribosome

Question 13

How have Alaskan salmon been genetically modified?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacterial genes have been inserted to resist invasive diseases. 
B)  Genes from freshwater algae have been inserted for an internal energy source. 
C)  Growth hormone genes from a faster growing fish species have been inserted. 
D)  Genes for the overproduction of essential fatty acids have been inserted. 
A)  Bacterial genes have been inserted to resist invasive diseases. 
B)  Genes from freshwater algae have been inserted for an internal energy source. 
C)  Growth hormone genes from a faster growing fish species have been inserted. 
D)  Genes for the overproduction of essential fatty acids have been inserted.

Question 14

What type of bond forms between amino acids at the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

A)  peptide 
B)  ester 
C)  phosphodiester 
D)  hydrogen 
A)  peptide 
B)  ester 
C)  phosphodiester 
D)  hydrogen

Question 15

What action results when activators present near a gene are "turned on"?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased transcription 
B)  decreased gene expression 
C)  unwinding of the DNA double helix 
D)  a shift in the reading frame 
A)  increased transcription 
B)  decreased gene expression 
C)  unwinding of the DNA double helix 
D)  a shift in the reading frame

Question 16

Which molecule serves as the template during transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  mRNA 
C)  tRNA 
D)  polymerase 
A)  DNA 
B)  mRNA 
C)  tRNA 
D)  polymerase

Question 17

What building blocks form a DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids 
B)  nucleotides 
C)  fatty acid chains 
D)  polysaccharides 
A)  amino acids 
B)  nucleotides 
C)  fatty acid chains 
D)  polysaccharides

Question 18

-Which items are not analogous to each other according to this figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  protein; cake 
B)  amino acids; flour, sugar, and eggs 
C)  tRNA; copy of recipe 
D)  genome in nucleus; cookbook on shelf 
A)  protein; cake 
B)  amino acids; flour, sugar, and eggs 
C)  tRNA; copy of recipe 
D)  genome in nucleus; cookbook on shelf

Question 19

What are the "highly specific molecular scissors" that cut DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasmids 
B)  anticodons 
C)  codons 
D)  restriction enzymes 
A)  plasmids 
B)  anticodons 
C)  codons 
D)  restriction enzymes

Question 20

Why was β-carotene inserted into GM golden rice?

Accepted Answer

A)  to better synthesize proteins in the body 
B)  to see better under low light conditions 
C)  to more efficiently digest his or her starchy diet 
D)  to better synthesize vitamin A in the body 
A)  to better synthesize proteins in the body 
B)  to see better under low light conditions 
C)  to more efficiently digest his or her starchy diet 
D)  to better synthesize vitamin A in the body

Exam 9: Genetically Modified Organisms: Gene Expression, Mutation,

What sequence of events usually occurs in the process of protein synthesis?

Why might crop plants be genetically modified?

Which amino acid always begins a polypeptide (protein) during translation?

When genes are copied (in transcription), what form does the resulting copy take?

A point mutation results in the incorporation of a new amino acid in a protein. Which structure(s) would most likely result?

Why have tomatoes been genetically modified?

How have goats been used in pharming?

What molecule does a sequence of DNA typically code for?

If the process of protein synthesis in a cell is analogous to a politician's speech being written down by a reporter and then converted into a different language before being published, then to what does the initial step (being written down by a reporter) correspond?

What possible harmful environmental effects are of concern regarding GM crops?

Which polymer is made of nucleotides?

Which structure always contains three nucleotides?

How have Alaskan salmon been genetically modified?

What type of bond forms between amino acids at the ribosome during translation?

What action results when activators present near a gene are "turned on"?

Which molecule serves as the template during transcription?

What building blocks form a DNA molecule?

-Which items are not analogous to each other according to this figure?

What are the "highly specific molecular scissors" that cut DNA?

Why was β-carotene inserted into GM golden rice?

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