Exam 11: Health and Medicine

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Renée is a registered nurse who is nearing retirement. She has seen a lot of changes to protocol in the hospital she has worked in, and she is unhappy about one particular change that has shifted the focus from overall hospital cleanliness. What was that change?

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Which of the following best explains why, as people move down the social hierarchy, health deteriorates and death rates increase?

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Describe the changes in life expectancy in Canada between 1831 and today.

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In 1831, the life expectancy in Canada was around 38 years. This was largely due to high infant mortality rates and limited medical advancements. However, over the years, there have been significant improvements in healthcare, sanitation, nutrition, and overall living conditions, leading to a steady increase in life expectancy.

By the early 20th century, life expectancy had risen to around 55 years, and by the mid-20th century, it had reached around 68 years. Today, the average life expectancy in Canada is over 82 years, with women generally living longer than men.

These improvements can be attributed to advancements in medical technology, the development of vaccines and antibiotics, better access to healthcare, improved living standards, and a greater emphasis on public health initiatives. Additionally, there has been a decline in smoking rates and a greater awareness of the importance of exercise and healthy eating.

Overall, the changes in life expectancy in Canada between 1831 and today reflect the significant progress made in healthcare and public health, leading to longer and healthier lives for the population.

Define the professionalization of medicine.

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Lynette is 1 of 100 nurses who serve the population of her community of 10 000. Which of the following nations does she most likely live in?

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Which of the following was the leading cause of death in Canada in 1901?

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Toronto dwellers Elliott and Eileen had a string of terrible luck. First their son had a stroke and then they both contracted severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Where is it most likely that the couple contracted SARS?

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The majority of people who contracted SARS in Toronto are believed to have been infected either at the airport or while travelling overseas.

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Compare and contrast the health care received in Canada by men and by women.

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Using a global perspective, explain how avoidable social causes can increase or decrease life expectancy.

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Outline the two negative consequences of the widespread use of antibiotics.

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Which of the following best characterizes the unforeseen consequence of overusing or overprescribing penicillin and antibiotics?

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Where is spending on HIV/AIDS research and treatment concentrated?

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As a result of his low education and inability to speak English or French, Frankie has unsteady employment, working mainly in low-wage jobs in toxic environments. Which of the following is he most likely to experience?

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When it comes to easing lower back pain, which of the following has the medical establishment come to accept as scientifically legitimate?

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Briefly describe the progression of the Black Death from China to Europe.

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Even among people who have the same access to medical resources, people of higher social rank and prestige tend to live healthier lives. Why is this?

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Between 1867 and 2009, what happened to the average age at death in Canada?

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According to the learned Parisian medical community in 1345, what was the root cause of the Black Plague?

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More than 25 million people have died of HIV/AIDS since the first cases were reported in 1981. Research the history of the spread of the disease. Identify the social causes that contributed to its spread. How did the fact that it was associated with a marginalized group affect this history?

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