Question 1

What are the otolith organs and what do they sense?

Accepted Answer

The otolith organs are structures in the inner ear that sense gravity and linear acceleration. The otolith organ in each ear is comprised of two structures: the utricle and the saccule.

Question 2

Describe where and how motion signals are registered in the semicircular canals.

Accepted Answer

The vestibular system contains five structures composed of three semicircular canals (anterior, posterior, and horizontal) and two otolith organs (saccule and utricle). The five vestibular structures each contain hair cells that act as mechanoreceptors to detect motion. In the vestibular canals, there is a swelling at the base called the ampullae, where the canals connect to the vestibule. The ampullae contain the cristae, which are specialized detectors of angular motion. The cristae contain stereocilia, or hair cells, that are a specialized form of mechanoreceptor. The semicircular canals also contain endolymph, and when the head turns, the endolymph lags behind and causes a deflection of the hair cells. When the hair cells are deflected in a particular direction they cause their connected nerve fibers to fire more vigorously. Therefore, the detection of motion occurs when the head turns and the endolymph within the semicircular canals causes the hair cells to be deflected, causing the nerve fibers to signal the detected motion.

Question 3

Suppose you are wearing virtual reality goggles and there is a delay between when you turn your head and when the computer updates the display in the goggles. This creates a(n) _______ that might result in motion sickness.

Accepted Answer

A)  angular acceleration 
B)  sensory integration 
C)  sensory conflict 
D)  linear acceleration 
E)  tilt sensation 
A)  angular acceleration 
B)  sensory integration 
C)  sensory conflict 
D)  linear acceleration 
E)  tilt sensation C

Question 4

_______ combines information from efferent commands (such as motor commands to turn the head) and afferent signals (such as the sense of angular motion) to improve our vestibular sense.

Accepted Answer

A)  Vection 
B)  Graviception 
C)  Vertigo 
D)  Illusory self-motion 
E)  Active sensing 
A)  Vection 
B)  Graviception 
C)  Vertigo 
D)  Illusory self-motion 
E)  Active sensing

Question 5

Which of the following, according to Gibson (1966), provides a "stable permanent framework of the environment" that provides an "underlying and ceaseless awareness of what is permanent in the world"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vection 
B)  Graviception 
C)  Vertigo 
D)  Illusory self-motion 
E)  Balance 
A)  Vection 
B)  Graviception 
C)  Vertigo 
D)  Illusory self-motion 
E)  Balance

Question 6

_______ are the mechanical structures in the vestibular system that sense both linear acceleration and gravity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Otolith organs 
B)  Ossicles 
C)  Semicircular canals 
D)  Cochlea 
E)  Saccules 
A)  Otolith organs 
B)  Ossicles 
C)  Semicircular canals 
D)  Cochlea 
E)  Saccules

Question 7

_______ are specialized detectors of angular motion located in each semicircular canal in a swelling called the ampulla.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cupulas 
B)  Cilia 
C)  Kinocilia 
D)  Ampullae 
E)  Cristae 
A)  Cupulas 
B)  Cilia 
C)  Kinocilia 
D)  Ampullae 
E)  Cristae

Question 8

Which of the following describes a way that higher cognitive knowledge can influence motion perceptions?

Accepted Answer

A)  If you are familiar with the curves in a road, the motion seems less intense. 
B)  If you are familiar with the curves in a road, the motion seems more intense. 
C)  The vestibular-ocular reflex can be affected by damage to the inner ear. 
D)  When listening to music, people sometimes sway back and forth. 
E)  When we get sleepy, we think about lying down. 
A)  If you are familiar with the curves in a road, the motion seems less intense. 
B)  If you are familiar with the curves in a road, the motion seems more intense. 
C)  The vestibular-ocular reflex can be affected by damage to the inner ear. 
D)  When listening to music, people sometimes sway back and forth. 
E)  When we get sleepy, we think about lying down.

Question 9

What is vection?

Accepted Answer

Vection is the illusory sense of self-mo

Question 10

The reason that videos shot with handheld cameras seem so shaky and hard to follow is because when we see something with our own eyes, our _______ allows us to compensate for our own motion and maintain a steady image on the retina.

Accepted Answer

A)  vection 
B)  vestibular-autonomic integration 
C)  vestibular-ocular reflex 
D)  sense of gravity 
E)  sense of linear acceleration 
A)  vection 
B)  vestibular-autonomic integration 
C)  vestibular-ocular reflex 
D)  sense of gravity 
E)  sense of linear acceleration

Question 11

_______ is an illusory sense of self motion produced when one is not, in fact, moving.

Accepted Answer

A)  Vection 
B)  Yaw 
C)  Roll 
D)  Pitch 
E)  Tilt 
A)  Vection 
B)  Yaw 
C)  Roll 
D)  Pitch 
E)  Tilt

Question 12

_______ have stereocilia that transduce mechanical movement in the vestibular labyrinth into neural activity sent to the brain stem.

Accepted Answer

A)  Semicircular canals 
B)  Otolith organs 
C)  Saccules 
D)  Utricles 
E)  Hair cells 
A)  Semicircular canals 
B)  Otolith organs 
C)  Saccules 
D)  Utricles 
E)  Hair cells

Question 13

Describe two syndromes that result from failures of the vestibular system.

Accepted Answer

In mal de debarquement syndrome, an affe

Question 14

The sense of _______ registers motion resulting from rotation.

Accepted Answer

A)  orientation 
B)  tilt 
C)  balance 
D)  angular motion 
E)  linear motion 
A)  orientation 
B)  tilt 
C)  balance 
D)  angular motion 
E)  linear motion

Question 15

Which five organs make up the vestibular system?

Accepted Answer

A)  One semicircular canal and four otolith organs 
B)  Two semicircular canals and three otolith organs 
C)  Three semicircular canals and two otolith organs 
D)  Four semicircular canals and one otolith organ 
E)  Five semicircular canals 
A)  One semicircular canal and four otolith organs 
B)  Two semicircular canals and three otolith organs 
C)  Three semicircular canals and two otolith organs 
D)  Four semicircular canals and one otolith organ 
E)  Five semicircular canals

Question 16

People with damage to their vestibular systems experience _______ in their blood pressure after whole body tilt motion, compared to people with normal vestibular systems.

Accepted Answer

A)  greater changes 
B)  the same changes 
C)  smaller changes 
D)  no change at all 
E)  gradually diminishing changes 
A)  greater changes 
B)  the same changes 
C)  smaller changes 
D)  no change at all 
E)  gradually diminishing changes

Question 17

Vestibular information reaches the cortex via the _______ pathways.

Accepted Answer

A)  thalamocortical 
B)  temperoparietal 
C)  occipitalparietal 
D)  superior frontal 
E)  inferior frontal 
A)  thalamocortical 
B)  temperoparietal 
C)  occipitalparietal 
D)  superior frontal 
E)  inferior frontal

Question 18

_______ is a change in afference caused by external stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A)  Vection 
B)  Sensory reafference 
C)  Sensory exafference 
D)  Illusory self-motion 
E)  Active sensing 
A)  Vection 
B)  Sensory reafference 
C)  Sensory exafference 
D)  Illusory self-motion 
E)  Active sensing

Question 19

The term for rotation around the x-axis is _______, rotation around the y-axis is _______, and rotation around the z-axis is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  pitch; roll; yaw 
B)  pitch; yaw; roll 
C)  roll; yaw; pitch 
D)  roll; pitch; yaw 
E)  yaw; pitch; roll 
A)  pitch; roll; yaw 
B)  pitch; yaw; roll 
C)  roll; yaw; pitch 
D)  roll; pitch; yaw 
E)  yaw; pitch; roll

Question 20

Loss of _______ would result in severely degraded balance, possibly causing one to fall.

Accepted Answer

A)  the autonomic nervous system 
B)  vestibulo-ocular reflexes 
C)  vestibulo-spinal responses 
D)  tilt aftereffects 
E)  vection 
A)  the autonomic nervous system 
B)  vestibulo-ocular reflexes 
C)  vestibulo-spinal responses 
D)  tilt aftereffects 
E)  vection

What are the otolith organs and what do they sense?

Describe where and how motion signals are registered in the semicircular canals.

Suppose you are wearing virtual reality goggles and there is a delay between when you turn your head and when the computer updates the display in the goggles. This creates a(n) _______ that might result in motion sickness.

_______ combines information from efferent commands (such as motor commands to turn the head) and afferent signals (such as the sense of angular motion) to improve our vestibular sense.

Which of the following, according to Gibson (1966), provides a "stable permanent framework of the environment" that provides an "underlying and ceaseless awareness of what is permanent in the world"?

_______ are the mechanical structures in the vestibular system that sense both linear acceleration and gravity.

_______ are specialized detectors of angular motion located in each semicircular canal in a swelling called the ampulla.

Which of the following describes a way that higher cognitive knowledge can influence motion perceptions?

What is vection?

The reason that videos shot with handheld cameras seem so shaky and hard to follow is because when we see something with our own eyes, our _______ allows us to compensate for our own motion and maintain a steady image on the retina.

_______ is an illusory sense of self motion produced when one is not, in fact, moving.

_______ have stereocilia that transduce mechanical movement in the vestibular labyrinth into neural activity sent to the brain stem.

Describe two syndromes that result from failures of the vestibular system.

The sense of _______ registers motion resulting from rotation.

Which five organs make up the vestibular system?

People with damage to their vestibular systems experience _______ in their blood pressure after whole body tilt motion, compared to people with normal vestibular systems.

Vestibular information reaches the cortex via the _______ pathways.

_______ is a change in afference caused by external stimuli.

The term for rotation around the x-axis is ___, rotation around the y-axis is _, and rotation around the z-axis is _____.

Loss of _______ would result in severely degraded balance, possibly causing one to fall.

Introduction

The First Steps in Vision: From Light to Neural Signals

Spatial Vision: From Spots to Stripes

Perceiving and Recognizing Objects

The Perception of Color

Space Perception and Binocular Vision

Attention and Scene Perception

Visual Motion Perception

Hearing: Physiology and Psychoacoustics

Hearing in the Environment

Music and Speech Perception

Touch

Olfaction

Taste

Filters

Exam 12: Vestibular Sensation

What are the otolith organs and what do they sense?

Describe where and how motion signals are registered in the semicircular canals.

Suppose you are wearing virtual reality goggles and there is a delay between when you turn your head and when the computer updates the display in the goggles. This creates a(n) _______ that might result in motion sickness.

_______ combines information from efferent commands (such as motor commands to turn the head) and afferent signals (such as the sense of angular motion) to improve our vestibular sense.

Which of the following, according to Gibson (1966), provides a "stable permanent framework of the environment" that provides an "underlying and ceaseless awareness of what is permanent in the world"?

_______ are the mechanical structures in the vestibular system that sense both linear acceleration and gravity.

_______ are specialized detectors of angular motion located in each semicircular canal in a swelling called the ampulla.

Which of the following describes a way that higher cognitive knowledge can influence motion perceptions?

What is vection?

The reason that videos shot with handheld cameras seem so shaky and hard to follow is because when we see something with our own eyes, our _______ allows us to compensate for our own motion and maintain a steady image on the retina.

_______ is an illusory sense of self motion produced when one is not, in fact, moving.

_______ have stereocilia that transduce mechanical movement in the vestibular labyrinth into neural activity sent to the brain stem.

Describe two syndromes that result from failures of the vestibular system.

The sense of _______ registers motion resulting from rotation.

Which five organs make up the vestibular system?

People with damage to their vestibular systems experience _______ in their blood pressure after whole body tilt motion, compared to people with normal vestibular systems.

Vestibular information reaches the cortex via the _______ pathways.

_______ is a change in afference caused by external stimuli.

The term for rotation around the x-axis is _______, rotation around the y-axis is _______, and rotation around the z-axis is _______.

Loss of _______ would result in severely degraded balance, possibly causing one to fall.

Introduction

The First Steps in Vision: From Light to Neural Signals

Spatial Vision: From Spots to Stripes

Perceiving and Recognizing Objects

The Perception of Color

Space Perception and Binocular Vision

Attention and Scene Perception

Visual Motion Perception

Hearing: Physiology and Psychoacoustics

Hearing in the Environment

Music and Speech Perception

Touch

Olfaction

Taste

Filters

The term for rotation around the x-axis is ___, rotation around the y-axis is _, and rotation around the z-axis is _____.