Exam 6: Varieties of Consciousness

Which of the following is not among the classic set of defining characteristics of addiction?

The coordinated biological functions that keep track of how much sleep (particularly deep sleep) you have had the previous night versus how long you have been awake on a given day is called the

During normal wakefulness, brain waves tend to be of the _______ type-very rapid, relatively narrow oscillations. In some extremely relaxed wakeful states where eyes are closed, however (e.g., meditation), lower-frequency _________ waves may predominate.

While there is controversy regarding the importance of NREM to the entire dream process, evidence very strongly supports the view that apex dreaming occurs primarily during NREM sleep.

The pervasive use of cell phones and computers at bedtime among young people has increased sleep time and decreased daytime sleepiness.

Compared to cocaine, the effects of amphetamines are said to be harsher because

Most modern researchers and practitioners prefer to use this word instead of the word addiction.

Though it follows stages of deep sleep, the brain waves observed in people engaged in REM sleep are

If you had been thinking during sleep about material on a test scheduled for the following day or making a list of things you needed to take care of over the weekend, this type of sleep mentation had occurred.

One particularly serious consequence of insomnia identified by researchers is that

The illusion of decrease in stress from smoking arises because cigarette smoking decreases the discomfort of

Scientific and societal understanding of drugs and expectations about drug use vary. Use cigarette smoking, drinking, and marijuana smoking as examples to describe some of the myths of drug use as well as some of the evidence for harmful effects.

Any biochemical, physiological, or behavioral cycle that adheres to a near-24-hour schedule is known as a

It is easy to know the difference between being asleep and being awake because the sleep homeostat helps us understand when we have passed from waking into sleep.

Small doses of this drug produce pleasant sensations somewhat similar to an alcohol high, but at high doses, the drug experience becomes unpleasant.

According to a data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network, in 2008, these drugs accounted for more emergency room visits of 12- to 17-year-olds than cocaine, heroin, amphetamine, methamphetamine, ecstasy, LSD, and PCP combined.

Sigmund Freud believed that dreams are the brain's attempt to solve problems during sleep or regulate mood carried over from the previous day.

Which of the following is NOT one of the more common parasomnias?

These drugs can produce feelings of exhilaration, alertness, confidence, and mood elevation-although they can also trigger anxiety, restlessless, sleeplessness, and a number of other undesirable effects.

Which of the following describes the most likely scenario regarding a young adult's dreaming experience?