Exam 9: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

In 1998, this gorilla, trained in American Sign Language, became the first nonhuman to conduct a live Internet chat session.

One reason that people reach impasses in problem solving is that prior experience results in being "stuck" in a specific way of mentally representing a problem. This is known as

A person is more likely to see the "family resemblance" between an item and other members of a concept if the item matches this representative member of the concept.

Which of the following best describes the conclusions drawn from neuroscientific studies of insight conducted by Jung-Beeman and his colleagues?

According to Horn and Cattell, _________________ intelligence is a largely innate ability characterized by analytic and abstract reasoning, while ________________ intelligence describes skills and knowledge one acquires over time as a result of exposure to education and culture.

Involving much more than "book smarts," this term describes a person's underlying general capacity to process complex information.

An IQ score between about 50 and 70 may reflect mild mental retardation, if the person also demonstrates

Pollick & de Waal found that the arm and hand gestures in different species of nonhuman primates were flexible in their content. That result provides evidence in favor of the hypothesis that language evolved from

Characterize the strengths of the evidence for an innate capacity for human language. In your answer, describe Noam Chomsky's theories, including the internal language faculty. Discuss two examples of research that support Chomsky's views.

All of the following aspects of life can be predicted reasonably well using a person's IQ score, EXCEPT:

In linguistic theory, children can assimilate the language of their parents and community, by automatically applying the rules of

This theory denies the existence of the language faculty and instead asserts that the mechanisms of the mind are "plastic" in the sense of being highly flexible and adaptable.

In general, as a child ages, the influence of genes on IQ scores tends to

The psychometric tradition of intelligence testing relies on this means of measuring intelligence.

Unfortunately, most people do not take _________________ information into account when they make judgments of the likelihood of some event.

When faced with a member of a disliked group who does not display the supposed negative characteristics of that group, someone may say, "Oh, well, he/she is one of the good ones." This is an example of

This problem-solving phenomenon begins with an impasse, and is often accompanied by feelings of pleasure and confidence that one has truly solved the problem.

Universal grammar is considered by its advocates to be

When solving a problem, the greater the number of possible solutions, the less efficient trial and error will be.

The tragic case of "Genie," a girl who was subjected to physical abuse and prohibited from speaking for the first 13 years of her life, supports the idea that