Question 1

Describe the proprioceptive receptors and their properties.

Accepted Answer

Proprioceptive receptors are sensory receptors located in muscles, tendons, and joints that provide information about body position, movement, and balance. These receptors play a crucial role in allowing us to have a sense of where our body is in space and to coordinate movements.

There are several types of proprioceptive receptors, including muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs, and joint receptors. Muscle spindles are located within the muscle fibers and are sensitive to changes in muscle length and the rate of muscle stretch. Golgi tendon organs are located at the junction between muscles and tendons and are sensitive to changes in muscle tension. Joint receptors are located in the joint capsules and are sensitive to changes in joint position and movement.

The properties of proprioceptive receptors include their ability to detect changes in muscle length, tension, and joint position. They are also able to provide continuous feedback to the central nervous system about the state of the muscles and joints, allowing for the coordination of movements and the maintenance of balance.

Overall, proprioceptive receptors are essential for our ability to move and maintain posture, and their properties allow for the accurate perception of body position and movement.

Question 2

Which of the following structures in the inner ear does not respond to movements of the head?

Accepted Answer

A)  Utricle 
B)  Cochlea 
C)  Saccule 
D)  Semi-circular canal 
A)  Utricle 
B)  Cochlea 
C)  Saccule 
D)  Semi-circular canal B

Question 3

To which of the following, does the vestibular system not send projections?

Accepted Answer

A)  The oculomotor system 
B)  The spinal cord 
C)  The cerebellum 
D)  The medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus 
A)  The oculomotor system 
B)  The spinal cord 
C)  The cerebellum 
D)  The medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus D

Question 4

The oculogravic illusion is:

Accepted Answer

A)  A feeling that the eyes have moved 
B)  Misperception of vertical during linear acceleration 
C)  Misperception of horizontal during linear acceleration 
D)  A change in the perception of gravity 
A)  A feeling that the eyes have moved 
B)  Misperception of vertical during linear acceleration 
C)  Misperception of horizontal during linear acceleration 
D)  A change in the perception of gravity

Question 5

What sources of information contribute to acuity for the position of a joint?

Accepted Answer

The position of a joint, also known as j

Question 6

Someone who lacks proprioception cannot:

Accepted Answer

A)  Drive 
B)  Walk 
C)  With eyes closed, draw shapes in the air with a hand 
D)  With eyes closed, judge the weight of an object placed on the hand 
A)  Drive 
B)  Walk 
C)  With eyes closed, draw shapes in the air with a hand 
D)  With eyes closed, judge the weight of an object placed on the hand

Question 7

Movements of the body are sensed:

Accepted Answer

A)  From proprioceptors in neck muscles 
B)  From a combination of inputs from proprioceptors in neck muscles and the vestibular system 
C)  From proprioceptors in the spine 
D)  Via input from leg joints 
A)  From proprioceptors in neck muscles 
B)  From a combination of inputs from proprioceptors in neck muscles and the vestibular system 
C)  From proprioceptors in the spine 
D)  Via input from leg joints

Question 8

Efferent gamma fibres to intrafusal muscle fibres cause:

Accepted Answer

A)  The muscle to contract 
B)  An improvement in muscle tone 
C)  Contraction of the striated ends of the fibres, so making the central regions more sensitive to stretch 
D)  Increased sensitivity of Golgi tendon organs 
A)  The muscle to contract 
B)  An improvement in muscle tone 
C)  Contraction of the striated ends of the fibres, so making the central regions more sensitive to stretch 
D)  Increased sensitivity of Golgi tendon organs

Question 9

A common symptom in astronauts on arrival in space is:

Accepted Answer

A)  An oculogyral illusion 
B)  Disorientation 
C)  Motion sickness 
D)  Aching in the joints 
A)  An oculogyral illusion 
B)  Disorientation 
C)  Motion sickness 
D)  Aching in the joints

Question 10

When the head is upright, the saccular macula is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Horizontal 
B)  Vertical 
C)  At 45 deg from vertical 
D)  None of these 
A)  Horizontal 
B)  Vertical 
C)  At 45 deg from vertical 
D)  None of these

Question 11

Van Beers et al. showed that the combination of proprioceptive and visual information depended on:

Accepted Answer

A)  The precision of the information from each modality 
B)  The observer's personality 
C)  The variance of visually controlled reaches 
D)  The force required to make a movement 
A)  The precision of the information from each modality 
B)  The observer's personality 
C)  The variance of visually controlled reaches 
D)  The force required to make a movement

Question 12

A horizontal rotation which produces an increase in firing in the nerve fibres leaving the horizontal canal of the left ear has what effect on the right vestibular system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases the signal from the anterior canal 
B)  Reduces the signal from the posterior canal 
C)  Reduces the signal from the horizontal canal 
D)  Reduces the signal from the utricle 
A)  Increases the signal from the anterior canal 
B)  Reduces the signal from the posterior canal 
C)  Reduces the signal from the horizontal canal 
D)  Reduces the signal from the utricle

Question 13

The gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex is set by:

Accepted Answer

A)  The elasticity of the eye muscles 
B)  Feedback about its effects on vision 
C)  Frontal cortex 
D)  None of these 
A)  The elasticity of the eye muscles 
B)  Feedback about its effects on vision 
C)  Frontal cortex 
D)  None of these

Question 14

From the results of the Functional Mobility Test, how long does it take for 95% of re-adaptation to earth's gravity to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 weeks 
B)  1 month 
C)  3 days 
D)  15 days 
A)  3 weeks 
B)  1 month 
C)  3 days 
D)  15 days

Question 15

Patient IW, who lacks proprioception and sense of touch below the neck, has taught himself to walk and carry out some everyday tasks. However, his motor control fails when:

Accepted Answer

A)  He cannot see his limbs 
B)  He tries to drive 
C)  He tries to feed himself 
D)  He concentrates too hard on what he is doing 
A)  He cannot see his limbs 
B)  He tries to drive 
C)  He tries to feed himself 
D)  He concentrates too hard on what he is doing

Question 16

Motion sickness results from:

Accepted Answer

A)  A mismatch between sensory information and what would be expected to result from motor commands 
B)  An abnormal vestibular system 
C)  An imbalance of digestive enzymes 
D)  Rotary motion 
A)  A mismatch between sensory information and what would be expected to result from motor commands 
B)  An abnormal vestibular system 
C)  An imbalance of digestive enzymes 
D)  Rotary motion

Question 17

After a return to earth from a lengthy trip in space, which system re-adapts most quickly to earth's gravity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Control of the arms 
B)  Control of the legs 
C)  The otoliths 
D)  None of these 
A)  Control of the arms 
B)  Control of the legs 
C)  The otoliths 
D)  None of these

Question 18

The movement known as 'pitch' is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Rotation about the y-axis 
B)  A pirouette 
C)  Forward motion 
D)  Rotation about the z-axis 
A)  Rotation about the y-axis 
B)  A pirouette 
C)  Forward motion 
D)  Rotation about the z-axis

Question 19

Vestibular nuclei respond when:

Accepted Answer

A)  The head is held stationary and the body rotated 
B)  Signals from the vestibular system and neck proprioceptors are matched 
C)  During passive motion of the whole participant 
D)  The legs move 
A)  The head is held stationary and the body rotated 
B)  Signals from the vestibular system and neck proprioceptors are matched 
C)  During passive motion of the whole participant 
D)  The legs move

Question 20

After repeatedly viewing a pointing hand through a prism which changes its seen position, the observer makes pointing movements without the prism. These movements initially:

Accepted Answer

A)  Are accurate 
B)  Deviate in the same direction as the change in vision induced by the prism 
C)  Deviate in the opposite direction to the change in vision induced by the prism 
D)  Are random 
A)  Are accurate 
B)  Deviate in the same direction as the change in vision induced by the prism 
C)  Deviate in the opposite direction to the change in vision induced by the prism 
D)  Are random

Describe the proprioceptive receptors and their properties.

Which of the following structures in the inner ear does not respond to movements of the head?

To which of the following, does the vestibular system not send projections?

The oculogravic illusion is:

What sources of information contribute to acuity for the position of a joint?

Someone who lacks proprioception cannot:

Movements of the body are sensed:

Efferent gamma fibres to intrafusal muscle fibres cause:

A common symptom in astronauts on arrival in space is:

When the head is upright, the saccular macula is:

Van Beers et al. showed that the combination of proprioceptive and visual information depended on:

A horizontal rotation which produces an increase in firing in the nerve fibres leaving the horizontal canal of the left ear has what effect on the right vestibular system?

The gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex is set by:

From the results of the Functional Mobility Test, how long does it take for 95% of re-adaptation to earth's gravity to occur?

Patient IW, who lacks proprioception and sense of touch below the neck, has taught himself to walk and carry out some everyday tasks. However, his motor control fails when:

Motion sickness results from:

After a return to earth from a lengthy trip in space, which system re-adapts most quickly to earth's gravity?

The movement known as 'pitch' is:

Vestibular nuclei respond when:

After repeatedly viewing a pointing hand through a prism which changes its seen position, the observer makes pointing movements without the prism. These movements initially:

The Nature of Perception, and Some Ways of Investigating It

Research Methods in Perception

Mechanisms of Early and Middle Visual Processing

Seeing in Colour

Seeing Pattern and Motion

Hearing

Taste and Smell

Touch and Pain

Visual and Auditory Localisation

Perception and Action

Eye Movements and Perception of Natural Scenes

Recognising Faces

Attention and Awareness

Changes in Perception Through the Life-Span

Pathologies of Perception

Filters

Exam 9: Vestibular and Proprioceptive Systems

Describe the proprioceptive receptors and their properties.

Which of the following structures in the inner ear does not respond to movements of the head?

To which of the following, does the vestibular system not send projections?

The oculogravic illusion is:

What sources of information contribute to acuity for the position of a joint?

Someone who lacks proprioception cannot:

Movements of the body are sensed:

Efferent gamma fibres to intrafusal muscle fibres cause:

A common symptom in astronauts on arrival in space is:

When the head is upright, the saccular macula is:

Van Beers et al. showed that the combination of proprioceptive and visual information depended on:

A horizontal rotation which produces an increase in firing in the nerve fibres leaving the horizontal canal of the left ear has what effect on the right vestibular system?

The gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex is set by:

From the results of the Functional Mobility Test, how long does it take for 95% of re-adaptation to earth's gravity to occur?

Patient IW, who lacks proprioception and sense of touch below the neck, has taught himself to walk and carry out some everyday tasks. However, his motor control fails when:

Motion sickness results from:

After a return to earth from a lengthy trip in space, which system re-adapts most quickly to earth's gravity?

The movement known as 'pitch' is:

Vestibular nuclei respond when:

After repeatedly viewing a pointing hand through a prism which changes its seen position, the observer makes pointing movements without the prism. These movements initially:

The Nature of Perception, and Some Ways of Investigating It

Research Methods in Perception

Mechanisms of Early and Middle Visual Processing

Seeing in Colour

Seeing Pattern and Motion

Hearing

Taste and Smell

Touch and Pain

Visual and Auditory Localisation

Perception and Action

Eye Movements and Perception of Natural Scenes

Recognising Faces

Attention and Awareness

Changes in Perception Through the Life-Span

Pathologies of Perception

Filters