Question 1

Describe TMS and give an example of its use in experiments.

Accepted Answer

TMS stands for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, which is a non-invasive technique used to stimulate specific areas of the brain. It involves using a magnetic field to induce electric currents in the brain, which can temporarily disrupt or enhance brain activity in the targeted area.

One example of TMS use in experiments is in the study of motor function. Researchers can use TMS to temporarily disrupt the activity of specific motor areas in the brain and observe the resulting effects on movement and coordination. This can help to better understand the role of different brain regions in motor control and can also be used to investigate potential treatments for movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease.

Overall, TMS is a valuable tool in neuroscience research for studying brain function and for exploring potential therapeutic interventions for neurological and psychiatric conditions.

Question 2

A problem with applying the Bayesian approach to perception is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Perception has a random element 
B)  It is sometimes difficult to ascertain prior probabilities 
C)  Likelihoods are often equal 
D)  It imposes unlikely constraints 
A)  Perception has a random element 
B)  It is sometimes difficult to ascertain prior probabilities 
C)  Likelihoods are often equal 
D)  It imposes unlikely constraints B

Question 3

In fMRI, the haemodynamic response is:

Accepted Answer

A)  The pulse 
B)  The assumed change in blood flow associated with neural activity 
C)  The increase in heart rate produced by arousing stimuli 
D)  The unwanted changes in heart rate caused by scanner noise 
A)  The pulse 
B)  The assumed change in blood flow associated with neural activity 
C)  The increase in heart rate produced by arousing stimuli 
D)  The unwanted changes in heart rate caused by scanner noise B

Question 4

Performance in a 2AFC task is affected by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Shifts of criterion 
B)  Lapses of attention 
C)  Slowness of response 
D)  None of these 
A)  Shifts of criterion 
B)  Lapses of attention 
C)  Slowness of response 
D)  None of these

Question 5

Which of the following is not a disadvantage in fMRI?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its temporal resolution 
B)  Restrictions on the individuals who may be scanned 
C)  A need to keep the participant stationary 
D)  Its spatial resolution 
A)  Its temporal resolution 
B)  Restrictions on the individuals who may be scanned 
C)  A need to keep the participant stationary 
D)  Its spatial resolution

Question 6

The Method of Adjustment is of limited value because:

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a large variance in the responses 
B)  It confounds caution and sensitivity 
C)  It does not give repeatable results 
D)  It takes too much time 
A)  There is a large variance in the responses 
B)  It confounds caution and sensitivity 
C)  It does not give repeatable results 
D)  It takes too much time

Question 7

Why is fMRI-A a useful technique? Give an example of its use.

Accepted Answer

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging fo

Question 8

In a two-alternative forced choice task:

Accepted Answer

A)  The stimulus is always detectable 
B)  The participant never makes an error 
C)  The stimulus is always presented 
D)  Lapses of attention do not affect measures of performance 
A)  The stimulus is always detectable 
B)  The participant never makes an error 
C)  The stimulus is always presented 
D)  Lapses of attention do not affect measures of performance

Question 9

To what extent do adaptive psychophysical methods overcome the disadvantages of other methods?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive psychophysical methods are desi

Question 10

In a graph showing the Signal + Noise and the Noise distributions in Signal Detection Theory, the units on the x-axis are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Criteria 
B)  Probabilities 
C)  Logarithms 
D)  Standard deviations 
A)  Criteria 
B)  Probabilities 
C)  Logarithms 
D)  Standard deviations

Question 11

Sensory evoked potentials are usually averaged:

Accepted Answer

A)  To remove the effects of brain activity not related to the stimulus 
B)  To identify in which perceptual system they originate 
C)  To prevent experimenter bias 
D)  To eliminate criterion shifts 
A)  To remove the effects of brain activity not related to the stimulus 
B)  To identify in which perceptual system they originate 
C)  To prevent experimenter bias 
D)  To eliminate criterion shifts

Question 12

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation with intervals of 10 to 30 ms between pulses:

Accepted Answer

A)  Produces excitatory effects in neural tissue 
B)  Produces inhibitory effects in neural tissue 
C)  Is not recommended for experimental purposes in humans 
D)  Has no effect on neural tissue 
A)  Produces excitatory effects in neural tissue 
B)  Produces inhibitory effects in neural tissue 
C)  Is not recommended for experimental purposes in humans 
D)  Has no effect on neural tissue

Question 13

Artificial neural networks are composed of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Layers 
B)  Random couplings 
C)  Recursive loops 
D)  None of these 
A)  Layers 
B)  Random couplings 
C)  Recursive loops 
D)  None of these

Question 14

Magnetoencephalography is conducted in a shielded room:

Accepted Answer

A)  To prevent extraneous noises from interfering with the measurements 
B)  To prevent any danger to experimenters 
C)  To prevent interference with the signals from the brain by the magnetic field of the earth 
D)  To allow more precise stimulus presentation 
A)  To prevent extraneous noises from interfering with the measurements 
B)  To prevent any danger to experimenters 
C)  To prevent interference with the signals from the brain by the magnetic field of the earth 
D)  To allow more precise stimulus presentation

Question 15

Which of the following is not a disadvantage of PET?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its temporal resolution 
B)  The need to inject a radioactive substance into participants 
C)  A need to keep the participant stationary 
D)  Its spatial resolution 
A)  Its temporal resolution 
B)  The need to inject a radioactive substance into participants 
C)  A need to keep the participant stationary 
D)  Its spatial resolution

Question 16

Artificial neural networks learn by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Turning off some units 
B)  Adding more unit 
C)  Finding the most active unit 
D)  Changing the weights of inputs at each unit 
A)  Turning off some units 
B)  Adding more unit 
C)  Finding the most active unit 
D)  Changing the weights of inputs at each unit

Question 17

Which of the following is not a disadvantage in studying the effects of brain lesions in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Over time, tissue surrounding the lesion may take over lost functions 
B)  A lesion may affect several functional areas 
C)  Patients' willingness to cooperate in studies 
D)  Patients may tire quickly 
A)  Over time, tissue surrounding the lesion may take over lost functions 
B)  A lesion may affect several functional areas 
C)  Patients' willingness to cooperate in studies 
D)  Patients may tire quickly

Question 18

Questionnaires can give useful information about:

Accepted Answer

A)  Differences in perception between groups 
B)  Neural processing in the retina 
C)  Perceptual thresholds 
D)  Auditory cortex 
A)  Differences in perception between groups 
B)  Neural processing in the retina 
C)  Perceptual thresholds 
D)  Auditory cortex

Question 19

Introspection is of limited value in understanding perception because:

Accepted Answer

A)  Some perceptual processes are not available to consciousness 
B)  It is hard to describe what one perceives 
C)  People tend to make mistakes in their description of percepts 
D)  None of these 
A)  Some perceptual processes are not available to consciousness 
B)  It is hard to describe what one perceives 
C)  People tend to make mistakes in their description of percepts 
D)  None of these

Question 20

The EEG gives:

Accepted Answer

A)  Excellent temporal resolution 
B)  Immunity to interference from electrical equipment 
C)  Excellent spatial resolution 
D)  Useful data from a single trial 
A)  Excellent temporal resolution 
B)  Immunity to interference from electrical equipment 
C)  Excellent spatial resolution 
D)  Useful data from a single trial

Describe TMS and give an example of its use in experiments.

A problem with applying the Bayesian approach to perception is that:

In fMRI, the haemodynamic response is:

Performance in a 2AFC task is affected by:

Which of the following is not a disadvantage in fMRI?

The Method of Adjustment is of limited value because:

Why is fMRI-A a useful technique? Give an example of its use.

In a two-alternative forced choice task:

To what extent do adaptive psychophysical methods overcome the disadvantages of other methods?

In a graph showing the Signal + Noise and the Noise distributions in Signal Detection Theory, the units on the x-axis are:

Sensory evoked potentials are usually averaged:

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation with intervals of 10 to 30 ms between pulses:

Artificial neural networks are composed of:

Magnetoencephalography is conducted in a shielded room:

Which of the following is not a disadvantage of PET?

Artificial neural networks learn by:

Which of the following is not a disadvantage in studying the effects of brain lesions in humans?

Questionnaires can give useful information about:

Introspection is of limited value in understanding perception because:

The EEG gives:

The Nature of Perception, and Some Ways of Investigating It

Mechanisms of Early and Middle Visual Processing

Seeing in Colour

Seeing Pattern and Motion

Hearing

Taste and Smell

Touch and Pain

Vestibular and Proprioceptive Systems

Visual and Auditory Localisation

Perception and Action

Eye Movements and Perception of Natural Scenes

Recognising Faces

Attention and Awareness

Changes in Perception Through the Life-Span

Pathologies of Perception

Filters

Exam 2: Research Methods in Perception

Describe TMS and give an example of its use in experiments.

A problem with applying the Bayesian approach to perception is that:

In fMRI, the haemodynamic response is:

Performance in a 2AFC task is affected by:

Which of the following is not a disadvantage in fMRI?

The Method of Adjustment is of limited value because:

Why is fMRI-A a useful technique? Give an example of its use.

In a two-alternative forced choice task:

To what extent do adaptive psychophysical methods overcome the disadvantages of other methods?

In a graph showing the Signal + Noise and the Noise distributions in Signal Detection Theory, the units on the x-axis are:

Sensory evoked potentials are usually averaged:

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation with intervals of 10 to 30 ms between pulses:

Artificial neural networks are composed of:

Magnetoencephalography is conducted in a shielded room:

Which of the following is not a disadvantage of PET?

Artificial neural networks learn by:

Which of the following is not a disadvantage in studying the effects of brain lesions in humans?

Questionnaires can give useful information about:

Introspection is of limited value in understanding perception because:

The EEG gives:

The Nature of Perception, and Some Ways of Investigating It

Mechanisms of Early and Middle Visual Processing

Seeing in Colour

Seeing Pattern and Motion

Hearing

Taste and Smell

Touch and Pain

Vestibular and Proprioceptive Systems

Visual and Auditory Localisation

Perception and Action

Eye Movements and Perception of Natural Scenes

Recognising Faces

Attention and Awareness

Changes in Perception Through the Life-Span

Pathologies of Perception

Filters