Exam 8: Maintenance and Motivation

What would cause a rat to become less likely to exert extra effort to obtain rewarding stimuli?

Bilateral lesions of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) resulted in overeating (hyperphagia) and obesity in laboratory rats.

___________ may function as a mechanism to reduce general anxiety.

Higher levels of ________ in the blood lead to increased glucose absorption and body weight gain.

Researchers have observed a ___________ between sugar consumption and amphetamine.

________________ works in conjunction with NPY neurons to increase appetite and decrease energy expenditure when necessary.

Dopamine fluctuations change the intensity of the pleasurable impact of food.

Primates with smaller intestinal sizes relative to their body sizes generally have ______________.

In humans, the ________ is activated when a hypertonic saline solution is infused into the brain

Disorders that involve repetitive behaviors, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, have been associated with _____________.

The rat offspring of mothers fed a high fight diet display ________ even when raised by a mother fed a balanced diet.

Activation of caudal areas of the nucleus accumbens enhances ___________ behaviors.

The __________ effect strengthens a particular response when an animal is not rewarded, perhaps because of frustration.

Rats that are treated with ________ are unwilling to exert extra effort to obtain a previously highly desired food reward.

Children watching a cartoon with food commercials ate ___________ goldfish crackers than those watching the same cartoon without food commercials.

Chemical signals that have been identified as appetite stimulating are referred to as ___________.

When the peptide ________ is infused into the brains of several animal species, they appear to be suddenly thirsty and begin drinking.

Hedonia refers to a more immediate response or an outcome to a pleasing stimulus or event.

The ________ has been found to contribute to a rat's decision to exert effort to obtain a high-value reward.

Thirst resulting from the detection of low blood volume is called osmoregulatory thirst.