Question 1

Which of the following is associated with the effectiveness of cryptic coloration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Social status 
B)  Mating frequency 
C)  Aggressive interactions 
D)  Dominance status 
E)  Survivorship 
A)  Social status 
B)  Mating frequency 
C)  Aggressive interactions 
D)  Dominance status 
E)  Survivorship E

Question 2

Which of the following is involved in the foraging trade-off between the probability of being killed by a predator and the risk of starvation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Search image formation 
B)  Mandibulation 
C)  Vigilance 
D)  Orientation 
E)  Public information 
A)  Search image formation 
B)  Mandibulation 
C)  Vigilance 
D)  Orientation 
E)  Public information C

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT associated with predator harassment behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cryptic morphology 
B)  Increased likelihood that the predator will leave the area 
C)  Decreased likelihood of predator attack 
D)  Rapid movements around a predator 
E)  Throwing or kicking objects at a predator 
A)  Cryptic morphology 
B)  Increased likelihood that the predator will leave the area 
C)  Decreased likelihood of predator attack 
D)  Rapid movements around a predator 
E)  Throwing or kicking objects at a predator A

Question 4

In some species, individuals behave in ways that make them more apparent to a predator. Which of the following explains these observations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Selfish herd hypothesis 
B)  Pursuit-deterrence hypothesis 
C)  The dilution effect hypothesis 
D)  Predation risk-energy intake rate trade-off 
E)  Predation risk-mating opportunity trade-off 
A)  Selfish herd hypothesis 
B)  Pursuit-deterrence hypothesis 
C)  The dilution effect hypothesis 
D)  Predation risk-energy intake rate trade-off 
E)  Predation risk-mating opportunity trade-off

Question 5

Describe the fitness trade-off involved in the fiddler crab mating behavior study conducted by Leeann Reaney.

Accepted Answer

When predators are present, individuals

Question 6

Explain how the dilution effect differs from the selfish herd hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The dilution effect refers to the probab

Question 7

Cryptic coloration is an adaptation often associated with the following:

Accepted Answer

A)  Social queuing 
B)  Sexual selection 
C)  Frequency-independent selection 
D)  Predation risk 
E)  Dominance status 
A)  Social queuing 
B)  Sexual selection 
C)  Frequency-independent selection 
D)  Predation risk 
E)  Dominance status

Question 8

According to the 2003 study by Yasué, Quinn, and Cresswell, what factor likely influenced redshanks to feed on patches in which predator attack rates were high?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased aggressive interactions 
B)  Strong Allee effects 
C)  Enhanced reproductive success 
D)  The risk of starvation. 
E)  Reduced competition 
A)  Decreased aggressive interactions 
B)  Strong Allee effects 
C)  Enhanced reproductive success 
D)  The risk of starvation. 
E)  Reduced competition

Question 9

Competition typically increases with the density of nearby individuals. However, Hoare and colleagues (2004) found that killifish in some circumstances prefer to associate with more rather than fewer fish. What can explain this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mimicry 
B)  Flash disappearance hypothesis 
C)  Move-on hypothesis 
D)  Density-dependent selection 
E)  Dilution effect 
A)  Mimicry 
B)  Flash disappearance hypothesis 
C)  Move-on hypothesis 
D)  Density-dependent selection 
E)  Dilution effect

Question 10

Gentry and Dyer (2002) found that caterpillars used all of the following defensive behaviors EXCEPT______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  bite 
B)  regurgitate 
C)  drop 
D)  thrash 
E)  sting 
A)  bite 
B)  regurgitate 
C)  drop 
D)  thrash 
E)  sting

Question 11

Draw a graph of the relationship between group size and vigilance. Now draw a new graph that shows the relationship with an increase in predation risk in the environment.

Accepted Answer

The X axis is group size while

Question 12

A researcher studied tail-flagging behavior in mule deer. She found that in response to observing a predator, individuals wagged their tail 90% of the time when close kin were nearby but only 10% of the time when only unrelated individuals were nearby. Which of the following explains these observations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alarm signal hypothesis 
B)  Flash disappearance hypothesis 
C)  Selfish herd hypothesis 
D)  Pursuit-deterrence hypothesis 
E)  Move-on hypothesis 
A)  Alarm signal hypothesis 
B)  Flash disappearance hypothesis 
C)  Selfish herd hypothesis 
D)  Pursuit-deterrence hypothesis 
E)  Move-on hypothesis

Question 13

The selfish herd hypothesis predicts that individuals should do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Never produce alarm calls 
B)  Associate with more dominant individuals 
C)  Associate with mixed-species groups 
D)  Attempt to move to the center of a group 
E)  Advertise to predators 
A)  Never produce alarm calls 
B)  Associate with more dominant individuals 
C)  Associate with mixed-species groups 
D)  Attempt to move to the center of a group 
E)  Advertise to predators

Question 14

Which of the following is associated with vigilance behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dilution effect 
B)  Group size effect 
C)  Selfish herd hypothesis 
D)  Move-on hypothesis 
E)  Search image hypothesis 
A)  Dilution effect 
B)  Group size effect 
C)  Selfish herd hypothesis 
D)  Move-on hypothesis 
E)  Search image hypothesis

Question 15

Identify the unique predictions of the pursuit-deterrence and alarm signal hypotheses.

Accepted Answer

The pursuit deterrence hypothesis predic

Question 16

Reaney (2007) showed that when a predator attacks, fiddler crab males retreat to the safety of their burrow. What factor affects their latency to leave the burrow?

Accepted Answer

A)  The size of the predator 
B)  Severity of the attack 
C)  The density of males in the area 
D)  Chemical cues from the predator 
E)  Potential mating opportunities 
A)  The size of the predator 
B)  Severity of the attack 
C)  The density of males in the area 
D)  Chemical cues from the predator 
E)  Potential mating opportunities

Question 17

What behavioral adaptation reduces predation risk in swallowtail butterflies?

Accepted Answer

A)  They stop flying just before a predator attack. 
B)  They fly to locations in the environment that match their cryptic colorations 
C)  They form dense groups. 
D)  They fly into dense vegetation. 
E)  They use a startle display. 
A)  They stop flying just before a predator attack. 
B)  They fly to locations in the environment that match their cryptic colorations 
C)  They form dense groups. 
D)  They fly into dense vegetation. 
E)  They use a startle display.

Question 18

In Eifler, Eifler, and Harris's (2008) experiment on whiptail lizards, how did individuals in pens with predators behave differently than controls?

Accepted Answer

A)  They harassed the predator to deter attack. 
B)  They had higher levels of vigilance. 
C)  They formed tighter social groups. 
D)  They were less active. 
E)  They exhibited greater tail-flagging behavior. 
A)  They harassed the predator to deter attack. 
B)  They had higher levels of vigilance. 
C)  They formed tighter social groups. 
D)  They were less active. 
E)  They exhibited greater tail-flagging behavior.

Which of the following is associated with the effectiveness of cryptic coloration?

Which of the following is involved in the foraging trade-off between the probability of being killed by a predator and the risk of starvation?

Which of the following is NOT associated with predator harassment behavior?

In some species, individuals behave in ways that make them more apparent to a predator. Which of the following explains these observations?

Describe the fitness trade-off involved in the fiddler crab mating behavior study conducted by Leeann Reaney.

Explain how the dilution effect differs from the selfish herd hypothesis.

Cryptic coloration is an adaptation often associated with the following:

According to the 2003 study by Yasué, Quinn, and Cresswell, what factor likely influenced redshanks to feed on patches in which predator attack rates were high?

Competition typically increases with the density of nearby individuals. However, Hoare and colleagues (2004) found that killifish in some circumstances prefer to associate with more rather than fewer fish. What can explain this observation?

Gentry and Dyer (2002) found that caterpillars used all of the following defensive behaviors EXCEPT______________.

Draw a graph of the relationship between group size and vigilance. Now draw a new graph that shows the relationship with an increase in predation risk in the environment.

The selfish herd hypothesis predicts that individuals should do which of the following?

Which of the following is associated with vigilance behavior?

Identify the unique predictions of the pursuit-deterrence and alarm signal hypotheses.

Reaney (2007) showed that when a predator attacks, fiddler crab males retreat to the safety of their burrow. What factor affects their latency to leave the burrow?

What behavioral adaptation reduces predation risk in swallowtail butterflies?

In Eifler, Eifler, and Harris's (2008) experiment on whiptail lizards, how did individuals in pens with predators behave differently than controls?

The Science of Animal Behavior

Methods for Studying Animal Behavior

Evolution and the Study of Animal Behavior

Behavioral Genetics

Sensory Systems and Behavior

Communication

Learning, Neuroethology, and Cognition

Foraging Behavior

Dispersal and Migration

Habitat Selection, Territoriality, and Aggression

Mating Behavior

Mating Systems

Parental Care

Sociality

Cooperative Behavior

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Exam 9: Antipredator Behavior

Which of the following is associated with the effectiveness of cryptic coloration?

Which of the following is involved in the foraging trade-off between the probability of being killed by a predator and the risk of starvation?

Which of the following is NOT associated with predator harassment behavior?

In some species, individuals behave in ways that make them more apparent to a predator. Which of the following explains these observations?

Describe the fitness trade-off involved in the fiddler crab mating behavior study conducted by Leeann Reaney.

Explain how the dilution effect differs from the selfish herd hypothesis.

Cryptic coloration is an adaptation often associated with the following:

According to the 2003 study by Yasué, Quinn, and Cresswell, what factor likely influenced redshanks to feed on patches in which predator attack rates were high?

Competition typically increases with the density of nearby individuals. However, Hoare and colleagues (2004) found that killifish in some circumstances prefer to associate with more rather than fewer fish. What can explain this observation?

Gentry and Dyer (2002) found that caterpillars used all of the following defensive behaviors EXCEPT______________.

Draw a graph of the relationship between group size and vigilance. Now draw a new graph that shows the relationship with an increase in predation risk in the environment.

The selfish herd hypothesis predicts that individuals should do which of the following?

Which of the following is associated with vigilance behavior?

Identify the unique predictions of the pursuit-deterrence and alarm signal hypotheses.

Reaney (2007) showed that when a predator attacks, fiddler crab males retreat to the safety of their burrow. What factor affects their latency to leave the burrow?

What behavioral adaptation reduces predation risk in swallowtail butterflies?

In Eifler, Eifler, and Harris's (2008) experiment on whiptail lizards, how did individuals in pens with predators behave differently than controls?

The Science of Animal Behavior

Methods for Studying Animal Behavior

Evolution and the Study of Animal Behavior

Behavioral Genetics

Sensory Systems and Behavior

Communication

Learning, Neuroethology, and Cognition

Foraging Behavior

Dispersal and Migration

Habitat Selection, Territoriality, and Aggression

Mating Behavior

Mating Systems

Parental Care

Sociality

Cooperative Behavior

Filters