Exam 11: Budgeting

Prior to 1921, who provided the primary leadership during the federal budget process?

The classic question of basic budgeting, "On what basis shall it be decided to allocate x dollars to activity A instead of activity B?" can be attributed to whom?

Because the term is so loaded and when forecasted from government officials can make policymaking difficult, Alfred Kahn, advisor on inflation in the Carter administration, used the word banana in a press conference instead of which word?

What is the black budget?

The national debt is ______.

The Budget and Accounting Act revolutionized the federal budgeting by transferring a significant amount of authority from ______ to ______.

What landmark legislation revolutionized the federal budget process and increased presidential power?

The president's power in the budget process has diminished over time.

A congressional ______ commits money for spending, and congressional ______ create programs and place limits on the amount of money that can be spent.

The Federal Reserve manages the money supply, a responsibility also known as ______.

The Performance Assessment Rating Tool (PART) was developed by George W.Bush.

According to the text, the federal budget has the largest effect on ______.

The Program Assessment Rating Tool and zero-base budgeting are ______.

The black budget faces strict oversight by Congress

Articulated by his book published in 1936, the theory that government can use the budget to steer the economy can be attributed to ______.

Management by objectives and zero-base budgeting are ______.

Top-down budgeting differs from bottom-up budgeting in that the former ______.

The "rule of anticipated reactions" relates to the adaptation of budget estimates to appease which entity's interests?

The flow of money throughout the bureaucracy provides a tool for controlling the implementation of government programs.

What are three common budgeting features shared among state and local governments?