Question 1

If one starts to feel full, and ceases eating, we can assume that this protein was recently released:

Accepted Answer

A) Cholecystokinin" 
B) Insulin" 
C) Ghrelin" 
D) Leptin" 
A) Cholecystokinin" 
B) Insulin" 
C) Ghrelin" 
D) Leptin"

Question 2

Opioids are used for which of the following reasons?

Accepted Answer

A) Promotion of sleep 
B) Feelings of pleasure 
C) Sedation and relief from pain 
D) All of the above 
A) Promotion of sleep 
B) Feelings of pleasure 
C) Sedation and relief from pain 
D) All of the above

Question 3

The functional role of dopamine may change (from reward processing to simple movements) based on its:

Accepted Answer

A) Amount" 
B) Concentration" 
C) Speed" 
D) Location" 
A) Amount" 
B) Concentration" 
C) Speed" 
D) Location"

Question 4

What is the term for the increased value of cues associated with an addictive substance or other artificial reward gain?

Accepted Answer

A) Tolerance" 
B) Incentive sensitization" 
C) Flow" 
D) Withdrawal" 
A) Tolerance" 
B) Incentive sensitization" 
C) Flow" 
D) Withdrawal"

Question 5

Autonomic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral responses arise from:

Accepted Answer

A) Addiction to opiates" 
B) Prediction errors" 
C) A change in the body's parameters" 
D) Punishments and rewards" 
A) Addiction to opiates" 
B) Prediction errors" 
C) A change in the body's parameters" 
D) Punishments and rewards"

Question 6

Glucocorticoid hormones are released during times of stress in order to release __________ into the blood.

Accepted Answer

A) Testosterone" 
B) Cortisol" 
C) Glucose" 
D) Estrogen" 
A) Testosterone" 
B) Cortisol" 
C) Glucose" 
D) Estrogen"

Question 7

The _____ system is distributed across the entire central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) Amphetamine" 
B) Monoamine" 
C) Dopamine" 
D) Opioid" 
A) Amphetamine" 
B) Monoamine" 
C) Dopamine" 
D) Opioid"

Question 8

Energy balance, defensive behaviors, and thermoregulation are all:

Accepted Answer

A) Regulated by the release of peptides 
B) Associated with the amygdala 
C) Internal drives 
D) External drives 
A) Regulated by the release of peptides 
B) Associated with the amygdala 
C) Internal drives 
D) External drives

Question 9

A person addicted to nicotine, is looking for a drug that will help by reducing cravings and the pleasure of smoking. Which option is the best?

Accepted Answer

A) Disulfiram" 
B) Bupropion" 
C) Methadone" 
D) Any of the above" 
A) Disulfiram" 
B) Bupropion" 
C) Methadone" 
D) Any of the above"

Question 10

The __________ receptors produce unpleasant reactions in humans when stimulated by opioids.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ receptors produce unpleasant reactions in...

Question 11

Which medication can reduce cravings and the pleasure of smoking?

Accepted Answer

A) Methadone" 
B) Bupropion" 
C) Varenicline" 
D) Disulfiram" 
A) Methadone" 
B) Bupropion" 
C) Varenicline" 
D) Disulfiram"

Question 12

If an animal is hungry, what is a possible behavioral response?

Accepted Answer

A) Decreasing blood pressure" 
B) Stopping whatever the animal is currently doing to look for a food source" 
C) Inhibiting the release of growth hormones" 
D) Decreasing heart rate" 
A) Decreasing blood pressure" 
B) Stopping whatever the animal is currently doing to look for a food source" 
C) Inhibiting the release of growth hormones" 
D) Decreasing heart rate"

Question 13

Why can food be considered both a reward and a punishment?

Accepted Answer

A) Food that doesn't taste good cannot be used a a reward, only as a punishment" 
B) Food often increases both desired (survival)and undesired behaviors (overeating)" 
C) Some animals are not motivated by food, but others are" 
D) It all depends on the current homeostatic needs of the individual" 
A) Food that doesn't taste good cannot be used a a reward, only as a punishment" 
B) Food often increases both desired (survival)and undesired behaviors (overeating)" 
C) Some animals are not motivated by food, but others are" 
D) It all depends on the current homeostatic needs of the individual"

Question 14

The neurotransmitter _____ plays a role in both the reward system and in simple movements.

Accepted Answer

A) enkephalins" 
B) beta-endorphins" 
C) Dopamine" 
D) None of the above" 
A) enkephalins" 
B) beta-endorphins" 
C) Dopamine" 
D) None of the above"

Question 15

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) stimulates this by acting on the lateral hypothalamus:

Accepted Answer

A) Hunger suppression and the cessation of food intake" 
B) Parental affection and the release of oxytocin" 
C) Energy intake and feeding behavior" 
D) The release of testosterone" 
A) Hunger suppression and the cessation of food intake" 
B) Parental affection and the release of oxytocin" 
C) Energy intake and feeding behavior" 
D) The release of testosterone"

Question 16

A _____ cue occurs just before the delivery of a reward.

Accepted Answer

A) Post" 
B) Predictive" 
C) Reward" 
D) Reinforcer" 
A) Post" 
B) Predictive" 
C) Reward" 
D) Reinforcer"

Question 17

If a predictive cue is repeatedly paired with a reward, such as a squirt of juice, an animal will have a spike in their dopamine levels when which event occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) When (immediately after)the squirt of juice is delivered" 
B) Before the predictive cue occurs, but after the squirt of juice is delivered" 
C) When (immediately after)the predictive cue occurs" 
D) None of the above" 
A) When (immediately after)the squirt of juice is delivered" 
B) Before the predictive cue occurs, but after the squirt of juice is delivered" 
C) When (immediately after)the predictive cue occurs" 
D) None of the above"

Question 18

Addictive substances, such as heroine, lead to the release low levels of dopamine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Reward learning involves predictive cues.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Morphine activates the dopaminergic system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

If one starts to feel full, and ceases eating, we can assume that this protein was recently released:

Opioids are used for which of the following reasons?

The functional role of dopamine may change (from reward processing to simple movements) based on its:

What is the term for the increased value of cues associated with an addictive substance or other artificial reward gain?

Autonomic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral responses arise from:

Glucocorticoid hormones are released during times of stress in order to release __________ into the blood.

The _____ system is distributed across the entire central nervous system.

Energy balance, defensive behaviors, and thermoregulation are all:

A person addicted to nicotine, is looking for a drug that will help by reducing cravings and the pleasure of smoking. Which option is the best?

The __________ receptors produce unpleasant reactions in humans when stimulated by opioids.

Which medication can reduce cravings and the pleasure of smoking?

If an animal is hungry, what is a possible behavioral response?

Why can food be considered both a reward and a punishment?

The neurotransmitter _____ plays a role in both the reward system and in simple movements.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) stimulates this by acting on the lateral hypothalamus:

A _____ cue occurs just before the delivery of a reward.

If a predictive cue is repeatedly paired with a reward, such as a squirt of juice, an animal will have a spike in their dopamine levels when which event occurs?

Addictive substances, such as heroine, lead to the release low levels of dopamine.

Reward learning involves predictive cues.

Morphine activates the dopaminergic system.

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Exam 14: Motivation and Reward

If one starts to feel full, and ceases eating, we can assume that this protein was recently released:

Opioids are used for which of the following reasons?

The functional role of dopamine may change (from reward processing to simple movements) based on its:

What is the term for the increased value of cues associated with an addictive substance or other artificial reward gain?

Autonomic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral responses arise from:

Glucocorticoid hormones are released during times of stress in order to release __________ into the blood.

The _____ system is distributed across the entire central nervous system.

Energy balance, defensive behaviors, and thermoregulation are all:

A person addicted to nicotine, is looking for a drug that will help by reducing cravings and the pleasure of smoking. Which option is the best?

The __________ receptors produce unpleasant reactions in humans when stimulated by opioids.

Which medication can reduce cravings and the pleasure of smoking?

If an animal is hungry, what is a possible behavioral response?

Why can food be considered both a reward and a punishment?

The neurotransmitter _____ plays a role in both the reward system and in simple movements.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) stimulates this by acting on the lateral hypothalamus:

A _____ cue occurs just before the delivery of a reward.

If a predictive cue is repeatedly paired with a reward, such as a squirt of juice, an animal will have a spike in their dopamine levels when which event occurs?

Addictive substances, such as heroine, lead to the release low levels of dopamine.

Reward learning involves predictive cues.

Morphine activates the dopaminergic system.

Online Practice Questions

The Brain and Nervous System

Neurons and Synapses

Neuroplasticity

Vision

Other Senses

The Motor System

Attention and Consciousness

Memory

Sleep

Language and Lateralization

Decision Making

Emotions

Social Cognition

Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

Filters