Question 1

Behaviorists were the first psychologists to explore the use of reinforcers. Who was one of the leading behaviorist psychologists?

Accepted Answer

A) Chomsky 
B) Watson 
C) Freud 
D) Jung 
A) Chomsky 
B) Watson 
C) Freud 
D) Jung B

Question 2

This is a widely abused stimulant, also known as crystal meth.

Accepted Answer

A) Bupropion" 
B) Cocaine" 
C) Methamphetamine" 
D) Heroin" 
A) Bupropion" 
B) Cocaine" 
C) Methamphetamine" 
D) Heroin" C

Question 3

Why might a scientist withhold food from a rat for several hours before running experiments with that rat?

Accepted Answer

A) Rats perform more intelligently when they are hungry" 
B) To determine whether or not the rat is addicted to any substances" 
C) The homeostatic and allostatic need of the rat will determine whether or not food is a reward" 
D) All of the above" 
A) Rats perform more intelligently when they are hungry" 
B) To determine whether or not the rat is addicted to any substances" 
C) The homeostatic and allostatic need of the rat will determine whether or not food is a reward" 
D) All of the above" C

Question 4

If a person is going through withdrawal and is experiencing fever, anxiety, vomiting, delirium, and generalized seizures, which addictive substance is that person most likely addicted to?

Accepted Answer

A) Methamphetamines" 
B) Cocaine" 
C) Alcohol" 
D) Heroin" 
A) Methamphetamines" 
B) Cocaine" 
C) Alcohol" 
D) Heroin"

Question 5

Prolonged _________ can result in negative outcomes, such as high blood pressure, immune suppression, and metabolic changes.

Accepted Answer

A) Satiety" 
B) Withdrawl" 
C) Hunger" 
D) Allostasis" 
A) Satiety" 
B) Withdrawl" 
C) Hunger" 
D) Allostasis"

Question 6

"Rolling with resistance" and "supporting self-efficacy" are two techniques of:

Accepted Answer

A) Deep brain stimulation 
B) Behavioral psychology 
C) Cognitive behavioral therapy 
D) Motivational interviewing 
A) Deep brain stimulation 
B) Behavioral psychology 
C) Cognitive behavioral therapy 
D) Motivational interviewing

Question 7

The Rescorla-Wagner model mathematically describes:

Accepted Answer

A) Secondary rewards" 
B) The opioid receptor system" 
C) The dopaminergic system" 
D) Reinforcement learning" 
A) Secondary rewards" 
B) The opioid receptor system" 
C) The dopaminergic system" 
D) Reinforcement learning"

Question 8

Something that is aversive is:

Accepted Answer

A) Desirable" 
B) A reinforcer" 
C) A reward" 
D) Undesirable" 
A) Desirable" 
B) A reinforcer" 
C) A reward" 
D) Undesirable"

Question 9

Which opioid is made from the seeds of the poppy flower, and is used for pain relief?

Accepted Answer

A) Oxycodone 
B) Morphine 
C) Methodone 
D) Endorphines 
A) Oxycodone 
B) Morphine 
C) Methodone 
D) Endorphines

Question 10

When an animal is presented with an unexpected reward, there will be a sudden spike in dopamine in which region of the brain?

Accepted Answer

A) The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPF
C) " 
B) The amygdala" 
C) The hypothalamus" 
D) The substantia nigra" 
A) The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPF
C) " 
B) The amygdala" 
C) The hypothalamus" 
D) The substantia nigra"

Question 11

What are the pros and cons of using ibogaine to treat those with addictions?

Accepted Answer

Ibogaine is a psychoactive substance tha

Question 12

If an animal needs to reproduce, what is a possible neuroendocrine response?

Accepted Answer

A) Stopping whatever the animals is currently doing to search for a mate" 
B) Releasing estrogen or testosterone" 
C) Showing parental affection" 
D) Increasing blood pressure" 
A) Stopping whatever the animals is currently doing to search for a mate" 
B) Releasing estrogen or testosterone" 
C) Showing parental affection" 
D) Increasing blood pressure"

Question 13

Why do addictive substances create a strong feeling of pleasure when humans clearly do not require them to survive?

Accepted Answer

A) They artificially block dopamine receptors, causing the body to react by producing extremely high levels of dopamine" 
B) Addictive substances foster a placebo effect of pleasure, though there is no real chemical release" 
C) They short-cut the reward system and flood the brain with chemicals that give feelings of pleasure" 
D) All of the above" 
A) They artificially block dopamine receptors, causing the body to react by producing extremely high levels of dopamine" 
B) Addictive substances foster a placebo effect of pleasure, though there is no real chemical release" 
C) They short-cut the reward system and flood the brain with chemicals that give feelings of pleasure" 
D) All of the above"

Question 14

Ghrelin is a peptide released during feeding to:

Accepted Answer

A) Slow down digestion 
B) Stimulate further eating 
C) Make the body feel "full" 
D) Speed up digestion 
A) Slow down digestion 
B) Stimulate further eating 
C) Make the body feel "full" 
D) Speed up digestion

Question 15

What is one outcome after the brain has been flooded with too-high levels of mu-opioid?

Accepted Answer

A) The brain builds more mu-opioid receptors and fewer kappa-opioid receptors" 
B) The brain builds fewer mu-opioid receptors and fewer kappa-opioid receptors" 
C) The brain builds fewer mu-opioid receptors and build more kappa-opioid receptors" 
D) The brain builds more mu-opioid receptors and more kappa-opioid receptors" 
A) The brain builds more mu-opioid receptors and fewer kappa-opioid receptors" 
B) The brain builds fewer mu-opioid receptors and fewer kappa-opioid receptors" 
C) The brain builds fewer mu-opioid receptors and build more kappa-opioid receptors" 
D) The brain builds more mu-opioid receptors and more kappa-opioid receptors"

Question 16

If neurotransmitters are messengers and not functions, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The same neurotransmitter can cause different outcomes depending on when it is deployed" 
B) Neurotransmitters affect cognition and behavior only by first affecting neurons" 
C) Neurotransmitters will produce different results depending on which receptor cells are effected by the neurotransmitters" 
D) All of the above" 
A) The same neurotransmitter can cause different outcomes depending on when it is deployed" 
B) Neurotransmitters affect cognition and behavior only by first affecting neurons" 
C) Neurotransmitters will produce different results depending on which receptor cells are effected by the neurotransmitters" 
D) All of the above"

Question 17

What is tolerance?

Accepted Answer

A) Physical and psychological effects that occur after the sudden cessation of an addictive substance 
B) Adverse feelings following formally pleasurable feelings from the same substance 
C) The feeling that an addictive substance no longer controls your behavior 
D) Needing increasingly more and more of a substance to achieve the same effect 
A) Physical and psychological effects that occur after the sudden cessation of an addictive substance 
B) Adverse feelings following formally pleasurable feelings from the same substance 
C) The feeling that an addictive substance no longer controls your behavior 
D) Needing increasingly more and more of a substance to achieve the same effect

Question 18

What is a relapse?

Accepted Answer

A) Using an addictive substance multiple times in a day" 
B) Succumbing to use of an addictive substance after being substance-free for a period of time" 
C) The increased value of cues associated with an artificial reward gain" 
D) Needing increasingly more and more of a substance to achieve the same effect" 
A) Using an addictive substance multiple times in a day" 
B) Succumbing to use of an addictive substance after being substance-free for a period of time" 
C) The increased value of cues associated with an artificial reward gain" 
D) Needing increasingly more and more of a substance to achieve the same effect"

Question 19

Which brain structure is known for its incredibly fast response time to external stimuli?

Accepted Answer

A) The hippocampus" 
B) The amygdala" 
C) The hypothalamus" 
D) The thalamus" 
A) The hippocampus" 
B) The amygdala" 
C) The hypothalamus" 
D) The thalamus"

Question 20

If, while eating, you feel an increased need to eat, we can assume that this peptide has recently been released:

Accepted Answer

A) Cholecystokinin" 
B) Ghrelin" 
C) Leptin" 
D) Insulin" 
A) Cholecystokinin" 
B) Ghrelin" 
C) Leptin" 
D) Insulin"

Behaviorists were the first psychologists to explore the use of reinforcers. Who was one of the leading behaviorist psychologists?

This is a widely abused stimulant, also known as crystal meth.

Why might a scientist withhold food from a rat for several hours before running experiments with that rat?

If a person is going through withdrawal and is experiencing fever, anxiety, vomiting, delirium, and generalized seizures, which addictive substance is that person most likely addicted to?

Prolonged _________ can result in negative outcomes, such as high blood pressure, immune suppression, and metabolic changes.

"Rolling with resistance" and "supporting self-efficacy" are two techniques of:

The Rescorla-Wagner model mathematically describes:

Something that is aversive is:

Which opioid is made from the seeds of the poppy flower, and is used for pain relief?

When an animal is presented with an unexpected reward, there will be a sudden spike in dopamine in which region of the brain?

What are the pros and cons of using ibogaine to treat those with addictions?

If an animal needs to reproduce, what is a possible neuroendocrine response?

Why do addictive substances create a strong feeling of pleasure when humans clearly do not require them to survive?

Ghrelin is a peptide released during feeding to:

What is one outcome after the brain has been flooded with too-high levels of mu-opioid?

If neurotransmitters are messengers and not functions, which of the following is true?

What is tolerance?

What is a relapse?

Which brain structure is known for its incredibly fast response time to external stimuli?

If, while eating, you feel an increased need to eat, we can assume that this peptide has recently been released:

Online Practice Questions

The Brain and Nervous System

Neurons and Synapses

Neuroplasticity

Vision

Other Senses

The Motor System

Attention and Consciousness

Memory

Sleep

Language and Lateralization

Decision Making

Emotions

Social Cognition

Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

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Exam 14: Motivation and Reward

Behaviorists were the first psychologists to explore the use of reinforcers. Who was one of the leading behaviorist psychologists?

This is a widely abused stimulant, also known as crystal meth.

Why might a scientist withhold food from a rat for several hours before running experiments with that rat?

If a person is going through withdrawal and is experiencing fever, anxiety, vomiting, delirium, and generalized seizures, which addictive substance is that person most likely addicted to?

Prolonged _________ can result in negative outcomes, such as high blood pressure, immune suppression, and metabolic changes.

"Rolling with resistance" and "supporting self-efficacy" are two techniques of:

The Rescorla-Wagner model mathematically describes:

Something that is aversive is:

Which opioid is made from the seeds of the poppy flower, and is used for pain relief?

When an animal is presented with an unexpected reward, there will be a sudden spike in dopamine in which region of the brain?

What are the pros and cons of using ibogaine to treat those with addictions?

If an animal needs to reproduce, what is a possible neuroendocrine response?

Why do addictive substances create a strong feeling of pleasure when humans clearly do not require them to survive?

Ghrelin is a peptide released during feeding to:

What is one outcome after the brain has been flooded with too-high levels of mu-opioid?

If neurotransmitters are messengers and not functions, which of the following is true?

What is tolerance?

What is a relapse?

Which brain structure is known for its incredibly fast response time to external stimuli?

If, while eating, you feel an increased need to eat, we can assume that this peptide has recently been released:

Online Practice Questions

The Brain and Nervous System

Neurons and Synapses

Neuroplasticity

Vision

Other Senses

The Motor System

Attention and Consciousness

Memory

Sleep

Language and Lateralization

Decision Making

Emotions

Social Cognition

Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

Filters