Exam 4: How Important Are Parents

Manny wants his son to be a nonsmoker, so he discusses the dangers of smoking and explicitly tells his son not to smoke. If Manny is a smoker, his anti-smoking campaign will ______.

A(n) ______ refers to a natural experiment that is only possible in situations where children have been deprived of a typical environment or raised without parents.

The ______ child is able to make use of environmental and personal resources to achieve positive personal development.

Mothers who expressed autonomous views of their own relationships were likely to develop a(n) ______ attachment with their infants, but women who were dismissing or preoccupied were likely to have a(n) ______ attachment.

According to Bartholomew's classification scheme of attachment-based representations of self and others, when view of self is positive and other is negative, the classification is "dismissing."

Much of the research on parent-child attachment indicates positive outcomes for children who are labeled securely attached at 12 months. However, the predictive validity for the construct is not always strong. For example, mixed results have been reported for some outcomes for boys compared to girls. Which of the following explanations is NOT a valid reason for the mixed results?

There are different types of historical evidence for the effects of parental influence. Some problems associated with types of historical evidence for the effects of parental influence include ______.

Baumrind's ______ parenting style is characterized by open communication and firm limits.

To maintain a positive social trajectory, minority group parents need to ______.

Zing-Yang Kuo investigated the relation between nature and nurture and challenged the prevailing views about development. To show the powerful influence of experience on development, he studied ______.

Social competence begins developing at what stage in a child's development?

Mitchel, a neglected 2-year-old boy who has been in an orphanage, quickly receives placement in a foster home with positive, nurturing foster parents. As Mitchel ages, he does not exhibit any significant hindrances. This is an example of the dose-response relationship of parenting.

Imprinting in goslings provided evidence for the idea of ______ in development.

Tyrone and Cassie selected a home in an award-winning school district. This choice is an example of ______ a trajectory.

According to Baumrind, the ______ parenting style does not foster independence or the questioning of authority.

The diathesis-stress model of gene-environment interaction assumes that the expression of a genetic predisposition for schizophrenia only occurs when in combination with particular kinds of ______.

Through his experiments with goslings, Konrad Lorenz discovered ______, the rapid early learning which is independent of behavioral consequences.

The famous pediatrician T. Berry Brazelton thought effective parenting was so critical that he argued good nurturing by mothers and fathers during the first 3 years of life protects children against the lure of tobacco when they become adolescents.

Despite the frequent adoption of Baumrind's typology of parents, the effects are not as robust due to the additional impacts of ______.

A child's resistance to temptation in a laboratory setting remains a key indicator of the child's ability to delay gratification and evidence of a developing conscience.