Question 1

In what ways does the quality of the marital relationship affect child-rearing?

Accepted Answer

A complete answer would mention how close, supportive, and satisfying marital relationships are associated with sensitive and positive parenting as well as more positive attitudes and perceptions about children. Also, these couples will engage in positive co-parenting practices. In contrast, discordant marriages are associated with more disagreements over child-rearing and more negative disciplinary practices. Interspousal conflict may also spill over bringing on parent-child conflict.

Question 2

A big assumption in cross-cultural comparisons is that both samples of parents in the study are assumed to be ______ of that culture.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent 
B)  dependent 
C)  representative 
D)  unaware 
A)  independent 
B)  dependent 
C)  representative 
D)  unaware C

Question 3

Discuss urban poverty as a determinant of parenting. What are some of the negative and positive parenting responses and consequences to living in this type of environment?

Accepted Answer

A complete answer would mention some of the negative consequences, such as actions to protect the child from the dangerous environment, distrust of nonfamilial individuals, encouragement of children's early independence and self-reliance, emphasis on aggressive play, early withdrawal of emotional support, depression, and harsh child punishment. Positive responses include an increased active and strategic parenting, high levels of monitoring and engagement, and preventive actions.

Question 4

Which of the following statements best describes the effect of parental emotions on parenting behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Negative emotions have no place in organizing effective parenting behaviors. 
B)  Positive and negative emotions are essential because they help organize the parent's responses. 
C)  Only positive emotions can undermine effective parenting behaviors. 
D)  Negative emotions can promote effective parenting, but positive emotions do not. 
A)  Negative emotions have no place in organizing effective parenting behaviors. 
B)  Positive and negative emotions are essential because they help organize the parent's responses. 
C)  Only positive emotions can undermine effective parenting behaviors. 
D)  Negative emotions can promote effective parenting, but positive emotions do not.

Question 5

The four well-documented stable child characteristics that are determinants of parenting consist of child's age, temperament, gender, and birth month.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A meta-analytic review of research across cultures and religious groups determined that religious people shared an appreciation of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  hedonism 
B)  thriftiness 
C)  kindness 
D)  honesty 
A)  hedonism 
B)  thriftiness 
C)  kindness 
D)  honesty

Question 7

"Ghosts in the nursery," a powerful source of influence on parental behaviors, refers to ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  sad memories of infants lost to SIDS 
B)  experiences with one's own parents 
C)  parents' fears of parenting ineffectively 
D)  memories of one's previous parenting practices 
A)  sad memories of infants lost to SIDS 
B)  experiences with one's own parents 
C)  parents' fears of parenting ineffectively 
D)  memories of one's previous parenting practices

Question 8

Leaper's (2002) review provided evidence of gender-based differences in parenting behaviors. Data indicated that parents encourage ______ in boys, but not in girls.

Accepted Answer

A)  hopefulness 
B)  honesty 
C)  respect 
D)  autonomy 
A)  hopefulness 
B)  honesty 
C)  respect 
D)  autonomy

Question 9

"Goodness of fit" refers to ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  how well a parent's actions match with a child's temperament 
B)  whether or not a child's temperament is compatible with their parents' temperament 
C)  whether a child's temperament is the same as their parent's temperament 
D)  how well a child adheres to actions compatible with their parent's temperament 
A)  how well a parent's actions match with a child's temperament 
B)  whether or not a child's temperament is compatible with their parents' temperament 
C)  whether a child's temperament is the same as their parent's temperament 
D)  how well a child adheres to actions compatible with their parent's temperament

Question 10

Parents from lower SES backgrounds are more likely to value obedience than middle-class parents who encourage self-direction. Melvin Kohn theorized that these differences were driven by the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  insecure parent-child attachment classifications 
B)  differences in religious beliefs that parents held 
C)  young age of many low SES parents 
D)  characteristics valued in parent's life situations 
A)  insecure parent-child attachment classifications 
B)  differences in religious beliefs that parents held 
C)  young age of many low SES parents 
D)  characteristics valued in parent's life situations

Question 11

As a single mother, Fatima typically deals with stressors and still manages to parent in an authoritative manner. After her car broke down, Fatima lost all patience with her son and yelled at him for a minor wrongdoing. In this case, the ______ likely influenced the negative shift in Shannon's parenting behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A)  ongoing pressure of being a single parent 
B)  individual characteristics of her son 
C)  additive nature of stress 
D)  lack of social support 
A)  ongoing pressure of being a single parent 
B)  individual characteristics of her son 
C)  additive nature of stress 
D)  lack of social support

Question 12

Dismissing mothers with depressed symptoms were found to be less warm and responsive than secure mothers. This empirical study used which of the following assessments to uncover this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Home Observation for the Measurement of the Environment (HOM
E)  scale 
B)  Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) 
C)  Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale (CHAOS) 
D)  none of these 
A)  Home Observation for the Measurement of the Environment (HOM
E)  scale 
B)  Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) 
C)  Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale (CHAOS) 
D)  none of these

Question 13

Young fathers and those 45 years and older are likely to have children that differ from children of other fathers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Briefly describe how socioeconomic status (SES) is determined.

Accepted Answer

The variable is typically dete

Question 15

Parenting behaviors in the home ______ parenting behaviors in a more public location.

Accepted Answer

A)  can show considerable variation from 
B)  are typically consistent with 
C)  are more child-centered than 
D)  show no association with 
A)  can show considerable variation from 
B)  are typically consistent with 
C)  are more child-centered than 
D)  show no association with

Question 16

Parenting ______ are variables and pressures that influence parenting behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A)  determinants 
B)  factors 
C)  restrictions 
D)  characteristics 
A)  determinants 
B)  factors 
C)  restrictions 
D)  characteristics

Question 17

Studies examining reactions to child misbehavior and transient child characteristics indicate that ______ is a powerful determinant for choice of response.

Accepted Answer

A)  the parent's disciplinary philosophy 
B)  the child's age and stage of development 
C)  the type of misdeed that occurred 
D)  the parent's child-rearing approach 
A)  the parent's disciplinary philosophy 
B)  the child's age and stage of development 
C)  the type of misdeed that occurred 
D)  the parent's child-rearing approach

Question 18

Jason was raised in a religious family, but he quit attending services when he was a teenager. As a new father, he is likely to ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  struggle to parent well because he has left the spiritual path 
B)  teach his child to be a spiritual, but not a religious person 
C)  follow his partner's lead in terms of religious practice 
D)  become involved in his religious practice once more 
A)  struggle to parent well because he has left the spiritual path 
B)  teach his child to be a spiritual, but not a religious person 
C)  follow his partner's lead in terms of religious practice 
D)  become involved in his religious practice once more

Question 19

Which of the following variable types was NOT listed as situational determinants of parenting behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)  transient child characteristics 
B)  transient parent attributions 
C)  context 
D)  transient parent characteristics 
A)  transient child characteristics 
B)  transient parent attributions 
C)  context 
D)  transient parent characteristics

Question 20

Mothers, compared to fathers, tend to be more responsive to variations in their children's play; they are more likely to enforce rules and communicate and play peekaboo-type games.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

In what ways does the quality of the marital relationship affect child-rearing?

A big assumption in cross-cultural comparisons is that both samples of parents in the study are assumed to be ______ of that culture.

Discuss urban poverty as a determinant of parenting. What are some of the negative and positive parenting responses and consequences to living in this type of environment?

Which of the following statements best describes the effect of parental emotions on parenting behaviors?

The four well-documented stable child characteristics that are determinants of parenting consist of child's age, temperament, gender, and birth month.

A meta-analytic review of research across cultures and religious groups determined that religious people shared an appreciation of ______.

"Ghosts in the nursery," a powerful source of influence on parental behaviors, refers to ______.

Leaper's (2002) review provided evidence of gender-based differences in parenting behaviors. Data indicated that parents encourage ______ in boys, but not in girls.

"Goodness of fit" refers to ______.

Parents from lower SES backgrounds are more likely to value obedience than middle-class parents who encourage self-direction. Melvin Kohn theorized that these differences were driven by the ______.

Dismissing mothers with depressed symptoms were found to be less warm and responsive than secure mothers. This empirical study used which of the following assessments to uncover this?

Young fathers and those 45 years and older are likely to have children that differ from children of other fathers.

Briefly describe how socioeconomic status (SES) is determined.

Parenting behaviors in the home ______ parenting behaviors in a more public location.

Parenting ______ are variables and pressures that influence parenting behaviors.

Studies examining reactions to child misbehavior and transient child characteristics indicate that ______ is a powerful determinant for choice of response.

Jason was raised in a religious family, but he quit attending services when he was a teenager. As a new father, he is likely to ______.

Which of the following variable types was NOT listed as situational determinants of parenting behaviors?

Mothers, compared to fathers, tend to be more responsive to variations in their children's play; they are more likely to enforce rules and communicate and play peekaboo-type games.

Introduction: From Beliefs to Scientific Evidence

Theoretical Perspectives on Parenting

Approaches to Parenting Research

How Important Are Parents

Becoming a Parent

Parenting Infants and Toddlers

Parenting Preschoolers

Parenting During the Middle Childhood Years

Parenting Adolescents and Emerging Adults

Parenting in Non-Traditional Families

Parents at Risk

Parenting Across Cultures

Cultural Diversity in US Parents

Child Maltreatment: When Parenting Goes Awry

Parents and Social Policy

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Exam 5: Determinants of Parenting

In what ways does the quality of the marital relationship affect child-rearing?

A big assumption in cross-cultural comparisons is that both samples of parents in the study are assumed to be ______ of that culture.

Discuss urban poverty as a determinant of parenting. What are some of the negative and positive parenting responses and consequences to living in this type of environment?

Which of the following statements best describes the effect of parental emotions on parenting behaviors?

The four well-documented stable child characteristics that are determinants of parenting consist of child's age, temperament, gender, and birth month.

A meta-analytic review of research across cultures and religious groups determined that religious people shared an appreciation of ______.

"Ghosts in the nursery," a powerful source of influence on parental behaviors, refers to ______.

Leaper's (2002) review provided evidence of gender-based differences in parenting behaviors. Data indicated that parents encourage ______ in boys, but not in girls.

"Goodness of fit" refers to ______.

Parents from lower SES backgrounds are more likely to value obedience than middle-class parents who encourage self-direction. Melvin Kohn theorized that these differences were driven by the ______.

Dismissing mothers with depressed symptoms were found to be less warm and responsive than secure mothers. This empirical study used which of the following assessments to uncover this?

Young fathers and those 45 years and older are likely to have children that differ from children of other fathers.

Briefly describe how socioeconomic status (SES) is determined.

Parenting behaviors in the home ______ parenting behaviors in a more public location.

Parenting ______ are variables and pressures that influence parenting behaviors.

Studies examining reactions to child misbehavior and transient child characteristics indicate that ______ is a powerful determinant for choice of response.

Jason was raised in a religious family, but he quit attending services when he was a teenager. As a new father, he is likely to ______.

Which of the following variable types was NOT listed as situational determinants of parenting behaviors?

Mothers, compared to fathers, tend to be more responsive to variations in their children's play; they are more likely to enforce rules and communicate and play peekaboo-type games.

Introduction: From Beliefs to Scientific Evidence

Theoretical Perspectives on Parenting

Approaches to Parenting Research

How Important Are Parents

Becoming a Parent

Parenting Infants and Toddlers

Parenting Preschoolers

Parenting During the Middle Childhood Years

Parenting Adolescents and Emerging Adults

Parenting in Non-Traditional Families

Parents at Risk

Parenting Across Cultures

Cultural Diversity in US Parents

Child Maltreatment: When Parenting Goes Awry

Parents and Social Policy

Filters