Exam 6: Becoming a Parent

In 2016, almost a third of babies born were delivered by C-section in the United States. According to the American Medical Association, the rate of C-sections medically warranted is about ______. Unwarranted C-sections increase risks for mother and baby.

Although the average first labor lasts ______ hr, labor is often shorter for second and subsequent births.

Although the United States is the richest nation in the world as defined by per capita income, ______ European countries have lower rates of infant mortality.

Current research indicates that the process of developing a parent-infant bond ______.

The single greatest risk to a baby during delivery is either hypoxia, a shortage of oxygen, or anoxia, total lack of oxygen. Under these conditions, the fetus could suffer brain damage or death.

List four changes that occur for parents after the birth of a child.

Which of the following populations have significantly lower rates of breastfeeding, contributing to what has been termed the "breast milk gap?"

Janet is going in for a pregnancy checkup. The doctor reveals that she is 6 times more likely to give birth preterm. Which of the following scenarios might explain this increased likelihood?

A mother giving birth is experiencing severe pain and requires the use of pain medication. Through an IV, the doctor administers a(n) ______, providing pain relief without total loss of feeling or muscle movement.

Aisha is interested in reducing the expenses associated with the birth and care of her new baby. Which of the following choices will help her meet her goal?

Cindy is a smoker who is expecting a baby. According to the March of Dimes, Cindy is increasing her risk of delivering a preterm or underweight baby by ______. Her smoking also increases the likelihood that her baby will be stillborn.

Briefly describe the characteristics and possible consequences of postpartum depression, as well as possible treatment techniques.

Women experience many changes during pregnancy. In an effort to have lower levels of parenting stress later on, it is advised that women ______.

Yolanda and Manuel are among the couples surveyed based on the pattern of advantages and disadvantages of having children. They had a long list of both advantages and disadvantages. As a result, they would be labeled as "indifferent."

A prospective study showed results that the more peanuts and tree nuts the mothers consumed while pregnant, the less likely her child was to develop an allergy to those nuts.

Monique loves her new baby. It sometimes seems like she knows what he needs, even before he needs it. She quickly and consistently responds to his cries and usually knows just how to soothe him. Monique would be described as a(n) ______ caregiver.

Why might marital satisfaction tend to decrease after the birth of a child? What family processes are at work?

Of the following assisted reproductive technologies, ______ is the most common and occurs when sperm is placed by a catheter directly into the uterus.

The majority of new mothers experience "baby blues," a feeling of letdown that subsides in a few days. A more serious condition called postpartum ______ is characterized by the loss of the ability to discern what is real and what is not. These mothers may experience delusions, hallucinations, and have obsessive thoughts about the baby.

Identify and discuss two ethical issues associated with the advent of reproductive technology, addressing both positive and negative consequences.