Exam 7: Parenting Infants and Toddlers

All of the following problems were associated with Thomas and Chess' first systematic view of temperament EXCEPT ______.

Infant crying spells peak at 6 weeks of age and decrease over time. Forty percent of the fussing and crying occurs during the ______.

Parental separation anxiety encompasses a parent's unpleasant emotional state of concern and apprehension about leaving a child and may include guilt, worry, and sadness. In a study of first-time mothers who experienced separation anxiety, researchers found that mothers who suffered ______.

Recent research into the characteristics of temperament focuses on three broad, physiologically based factors. Which of the following was included?

In an observational study of mothers with their 2-year-old at the supermarket, effective mothers anticipated their children's behavior and directed them to positive activities before they misbehaved. Mothers who frequently used such proactive techniques ______.

Identify four recommended actions for rearing smarter children during toddlerhood.

An infant in day care expresses a clear preference for their own mother at pickup time, despite multiple women entering the room at the same time. Based on this observation, the infant is in which of the following phases of attachment?

Newborns spend more time sleeping than any other single activity. The average amount of time that newborns sleep is ______ hr.

The American custom of enrolling infants in high-quality childcare centers ______.

In response to early experiences, unused synapses die off. This process, called ______, results in more efficient brain processing because the neural signals have relatively fewer branches through which to navigate.

Researchers agree that competent parents ______ arbitrary demands and unnecessary restrictions.

In 1998, British physician Andrew Wakefield and his colleagues published a paper reporting that within 1 month of receiving the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, 12 children began to show signs of autism or other problems. Since that time, 20 epidemiologic studies have ______.

A cashier in a supermarket observes a father avoiding the candy aisle, with the foresight that it might be a problematic aisle. This strategic child-rearing practice is referred to as "proactive parenting."

Ethologist Konrad Lorenz stated that simply looking at the features of a baby ______.

In a diary study conducted on dual-wage earner, middle-class U.S. families, Kotila and colleagues found that over ______ of fathers of young children eat meals with their children, play with them, and bathe or change diapers on a daily basis.

Felicia wants to encourage her toddler's cognitive development. One of the most important things she can do to reach her goal is ______.

What is "childproofing" and why does it matter?

Young infants show differential susceptibility to the effects of parenting behaviors. Those infants who rate higher on ______ are more likely to be influenced by parenting practices.

When Matthew was an infant, each day his mother introduced a variety of experiences to him. She also fed him breast milk and avoided situations in which he got over stimulated. According to current research, Matthew's mother made choices that were likely to ______.

Kevin sometimes lets his 16-month-old son, Gabriel, watch entertaining videos on his iPad as a way to keep him busy while he gets household chores done. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, Gabriel's screen use ______.