Question 1

In _______ cells, two different regions of the spectrum of visible light have opposite effects on the rate of cell firing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In _______ cells, two different regions of...

Question 2

Retinal receptors (i.e., rods and cones) show _______ different curves of spectral sensitivity.

Accepted Answer

A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  four 
D)  five 
A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  four 
D)  five

Question 3

Describe the steps involved in the evolution of eyes with lenses. Discuss similarities and differences between invertebrate and vertebrate eyes.

Accepted Answer

The evolution of eyes with lenses is a f

Question 4

The lowest level of the nervous system in which cells are found whose responses correspond to our perceptions of color is the

Accepted Answer

A)  retina. 
B)  lateral geniculate. 
C)  visual cortex. 
D)  None of the above 
A)  retina. 
B)  lateral geniculate. 
C)  visual cortex. 
D)  None of the above

Question 5

Cortical area V4 has many cells that respond preferentially to

Accepted Answer

A)  motion. 
B)  concentric and radial stimuli. 
C)  moving bars of light. 
D)  motion of complex forms. 
A)  motion. 
B)  concentric and radial stimuli. 
C)  moving bars of light. 
D)  motion of complex forms.

Question 6

Describe competing hypotheses about the processes by which the nervous system extracts wavelength information from the visual scene.

Accepted Answer

The trichromatic hypothesis proposes tha

Question 7

In _______ cells, light falling in the center of the cell causes inhibition, and light falling in the surround causes excitation.

Accepted Answer

off-center

Question 8

Which statement about visual deficiencies is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amblyopia is untreatable. 
B)  Studies suggest that once a person loses their sight, they will never see again. 
C)  Myopia is a problem with eye muscles that causes poor alignment and, if untreated, eventually leads to blindness. 
D)  Due to loss of retinal pigmented epithelium in the fovea, people with macular degeneration can see, but everything they see is blurry. 
A)  Amblyopia is untreatable. 
B)  Studies suggest that once a person loses their sight, they will never see again. 
C)  Myopia is a problem with eye muscles that causes poor alignment and, if untreated, eventually leads to blindness. 
D)  Due to loss of retinal pigmented epithelium in the fovea, people with macular degeneration can see, but everything they see is blurry.

Question 9

Primary visual cortex is located around the

Accepted Answer

A)  Sylvian sulcus. 
B)  Rolandic sulcus. 
C)  calcarine sulcus. 
D)  optic chiasm. 
A)  Sylvian sulcus. 
B)  Rolandic sulcus. 
C)  calcarine sulcus. 
D)  optic chiasm.

Question 10

Myopia has become more common since the advent of public schooling. Research on this phenomenon

Accepted Answer

A)  has not been performed because it is unethical to try to make a child develop myopia. 
B)  suggests that it is the quality of indoor lighting that increases the likelihood of developing myopia. 
C)  suggests that extended periods of close focus, from reading books in school, causes myopia. 
D)  has determined that not enough outdoor time is the reason for this increase in myopia rates. 
A)  has not been performed because it is unethical to try to make a child develop myopia. 
B)  suggests that it is the quality of indoor lighting that increases the likelihood of developing myopia. 
C)  suggests that extended periods of close focus, from reading books in school, causes myopia. 
D)  has determined that not enough outdoor time is the reason for this increase in myopia rates.

Question 11

There are about twice as many _______ receptors than _______ receptors, and far fewer _______ receptors.

Accepted Answer

A)  S; M; L 
B)  M; S; L 
C)  M; L; S 
D)  L; M; S 
A)  S; M; L 
B)  M; S; L 
C)  M; L; S 
D)  L; M; S

Question 12

Provide a survey of some of the more common visual disorders and their treatments.

Accepted Answer

Myopia, in which the eye focuses objects

Question 13

Mirror neurons were first observed in the _______ of a monkey that was observing motor movements performed by another monkey.

Accepted Answer

A)  supplementary motor area 
B)  primary motor cortex 
C)  premotor cortex 
D)  basal ganglia 
A)  supplementary motor area 
B)  primary motor cortex 
C)  premotor cortex 
D)  basal ganglia

Question 14

The lack of photoreceptors at the optic disc creates a _______ in our visual field.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The lack of photoreceptors at the optic...

Question 15

Cells in the primate LGN have receptive fields that

Accepted Answer

A)  are orientation specific. 
B)  are color sensitive. 
C)  are concentric. 
D)  show a high rate of spontaneous activity. 
A)  are orientation specific. 
B)  are color sensitive. 
C)  are concentric. 
D)  show a high rate of spontaneous activity.

Question 16

Explain why optical illusions of color are possible.

Accepted Answer

Optical illusions are possible because o

Question 17

Describe how true color perception is produced in the cortex and the ways in which color information is used to improve the accuracy of visual perception.

Accepted Answer

True color perception is produced in the

Question 18

Wavelengths of light are measured in

Accepted Answer

A)  nanometers. 
B)  photons. 
C)  quanta. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  nanometers. 
B)  photons. 
C)  quanta. 
D)  All of the above

Question 19

The brightest light at which we can see is about _______ times as intense as the dimmest light at which we can see.

Accepted Answer

A)  100,000 
B)  10 million 
C)  1 billion 
D)  10 billion 
A)  100,000 
B)  10 million 
C)  1 billion 
D)  10 billion

Question 20

Provide an overview of the operation of the eye in collecting and sensing light, from the refractive parts of the eye to the nerve that carries this information to the brain.

Accepted Answer

The eye has a lens that focuses light on

In _______ cells, two different regions of the spectrum of visible light have opposite effects on the rate of cell firing.

Retinal receptors (i.e., rods and cones) show _______ different curves of spectral sensitivity.

Describe the steps involved in the evolution of eyes with lenses. Discuss similarities and differences between invertebrate and vertebrate eyes.

The lowest level of the nervous system in which cells are found whose responses correspond to our perceptions of color is the

Cortical area V4 has many cells that respond preferentially to

Describe competing hypotheses about the processes by which the nervous system extracts wavelength information from the visual scene.

In _______ cells, light falling in the center of the cell causes inhibition, and light falling in the surround causes excitation.

Which statement about visual deficiencies is most accurate?

Primary visual cortex is located around the

Myopia has become more common since the advent of public schooling. Research on this phenomenon

There are about twice as many ___ receptors than _ receptors, and far fewer _____ receptors.

Provide a survey of some of the more common visual disorders and their treatments.

Mirror neurons were first observed in the _______ of a monkey that was observing motor movements performed by another monkey.

The lack of photoreceptors at the optic disc creates a _______ in our visual field.

Cells in the primate LGN have receptive fields that

Explain why optical illusions of color are possible.

Describe how true color perception is produced in the cortex and the ways in which color information is used to improve the accuracy of visual perception.

Wavelengths of light are measured in

The brightest light at which we can see is about _______ times as intense as the dimmest light at which we can see.

Provide an overview of the operation of the eye in collecting and sensing light, from the refractive parts of the eye to the nerve that carries this information to the brain.

Behavioral Neuroscience Scope and Outlook

Functional Neuroanatomy: The Cells and Structures of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: The Generation, Transmission, and Integration of Neural Signals

The Chemistry of Behavior: Neurotransmitters and Neuropharmacology

Hormones and the Brain

Evolution of the Brain and Behavior

Life-Span Development of the Brain and Behavior

General Principles of Sensory Processing, Touch, and Pain

Hearing, Balance, Taste, and Smell

Motor Control and Plasticity

Sex: Evolutionary, Hormonal, and Neural Bases

Homeostasis: Active Regulation of the Internal Environment

Biological Rhythms, Sleep, and Dreaming

Emotions, Aggression, and Stress

Psychopathology: Biological Basis of Behavioral Disorders

Learning and Memory

Attention and Higher Cognition

Language and Lateralization

Filters

Exam 10: Vision: From Eye to Brain

In _______ cells, two different regions of the spectrum of visible light have opposite effects on the rate of cell firing.

Retinal receptors (i.e., rods and cones) show _______ different curves of spectral sensitivity.

Describe the steps involved in the evolution of eyes with lenses. Discuss similarities and differences between invertebrate and vertebrate eyes.

The lowest level of the nervous system in which cells are found whose responses correspond to our perceptions of color is the

Cortical area V4 has many cells that respond preferentially to

Describe competing hypotheses about the processes by which the nervous system extracts wavelength information from the visual scene.

In _______ cells, light falling in the center of the cell causes inhibition, and light falling in the surround causes excitation.

Which statement about visual deficiencies is most accurate?

Primary visual cortex is located around the

Myopia has become more common since the advent of public schooling. Research on this phenomenon

There are about twice as many _______ receptors than _______ receptors, and far fewer _______ receptors.

Provide a survey of some of the more common visual disorders and their treatments.

Mirror neurons were first observed in the _______ of a monkey that was observing motor movements performed by another monkey.

The lack of photoreceptors at the optic disc creates a _______ in our visual field.

Cells in the primate LGN have receptive fields that

Explain why optical illusions of color are possible.

Describe how true color perception is produced in the cortex and the ways in which color information is used to improve the accuracy of visual perception.

Wavelengths of light are measured in

The brightest light at which we can see is about _______ times as intense as the dimmest light at which we can see.

Provide an overview of the operation of the eye in collecting and sensing light, from the refractive parts of the eye to the nerve that carries this information to the brain.

Behavioral Neuroscience Scope and Outlook

Functional Neuroanatomy: The Cells and Structures of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: The Generation, Transmission, and Integration of Neural Signals

The Chemistry of Behavior: Neurotransmitters and Neuropharmacology

Hormones and the Brain

Evolution of the Brain and Behavior

Life-Span Development of the Brain and Behavior

General Principles of Sensory Processing, Touch, and Pain

Hearing, Balance, Taste, and Smell

Motor Control and Plasticity

Sex: Evolutionary, Hormonal, and Neural Bases

Homeostasis: Active Regulation of the Internal Environment

Biological Rhythms, Sleep, and Dreaming

Emotions, Aggression, and Stress

Psychopathology: Biological Basis of Behavioral Disorders

Learning and Memory

Attention and Higher Cognition

Language and Lateralization

Filters

There are about twice as many ___ receptors than _ receptors, and far fewer _____ receptors.