Question 1

Which of the following is a possible consequence of antibiotic treatments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Obesity 
B)  Development of an ulcer 
C)  Weight loss, due to shedding 7-10 pounds of gut microbes 
D)  Both a and b 
A)  Obesity 
B)  Development of an ulcer 
C)  Weight loss, due to shedding 7-10 pounds of gut microbes 
D)  Both a and b

Question 2

Describe fecal transplantation, including its effects on an individual's enterotype, and explain the possible advantages of this treatment over antibiotic treatment for infections of the gut.

Accepted Answer

Fecal transplantation, also known as fec

Question 3

Which treatment is a promising new approach for restoring a healthy enterotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  Supervised weight gain 
B)  A high carbohydrate diet 
C)  Fecal transplantation 
D)  Antibiotic treatment 
A)  Supervised weight gain 
B)  A high carbohydrate diet 
C)  Fecal transplantation 
D)  Antibiotic treatment

Question 4

The primary source of energy for the body is

Accepted Answer

A)  sucrose. 
B)  insulin. 
C)  glycogen. 
D)  glucose. 
A)  sucrose. 
B)  insulin. 
C)  glycogen. 
D)  glucose.

Question 5

The main weakness of the previously accepted distinction between "warm-blooded" and "cold-blooded" is that even cold-blooded animals

Accepted Answer

A)  feel warm. 
B)  maintain body temperature. 
C)  eat. 
D)  detect temperature. 
A)  feel warm. 
B)  maintain body temperature. 
C)  eat. 
D)  detect temperature.

Question 6

One reason that body temperature is a critical variable for animals is that the actions of many _______ are temperature-dependent.

Accepted Answer

A)  neurotransmitters 
B)  proteins 
C)  organs 
D)  predators 
A)  neurotransmitters 
B)  proteins 
C)  organs 
D)  predators

Question 7

The hormone _______, which induces drinking, is vital to the homeostasis of water balance due to hypovolemia.

Accepted Answer

A)  corticosterone 
B)  vasopressin 
C)  angiotensin II 
D)  renin 
A)  corticosterone 
B)  vasopressin 
C)  angiotensin II 
D)  renin

Question 8

Endotherms may show a significant, endogenously induced departure from their average body temperatures known as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Endotherms may show a significant, endogenously induced...

Question 9

Refer to the figure.
  The two chambers in the figure are separated by a semipermeable membrane. What will happen to the fluid levels if salt is added to the left chamber?

Accepted Answer

A)  The solute concentration of the left chamber will increase, but the liquid levels will not change. 
B)  The difference in solute concentration will push salt and water molecules through the membrane until the concentrations are equivalent, which will overcome gravity and result in a higher level of fluid in the right chamber. 
C)  If enough salt is added, the difference in solute concentration will push salt molecules through the membrane until the osmotic pressure is less extreme, but the liquid levels will not change. 
D)  Water molecules from the right chamber will pass through the membrane until the ratio of water to salt is the same in both chambers, resulting in a higher level of fluid in the left chamber, despite gravity. 
A)  The solute concentration of the left chamber will increase, but the liquid levels will not change. 
B)  The difference in solute concentration will push salt and water molecules through the membrane until the concentrations are equivalent, which will overcome gravity and result in a higher level of fluid in the right chamber. 
C)  If enough salt is added, the difference in solute concentration will push salt molecules through the membrane until the osmotic pressure is less extreme, but the liquid levels will not change. 
D)  Water molecules from the right chamber will pass through the membrane until the ratio of water to salt is the same in both chambers, resulting in a higher level of fluid in the left chamber, despite gravity.

Question 10

Osmosensory neurons are cells that detect changes in

Accepted Answer

A)  solute concentration. 
B)  blood pressure. 
C)  blood volume. 
D)  water volume. 
A)  solute concentration. 
B)  blood pressure. 
C)  blood volume. 
D)  water volume.

Question 11

Matching
-Isotonic

Accepted Answer

A)  0.9% NaCl 
B)   0.9% NaCl 
E)  H₂O 
A)  0.9% NaCl 
B)   0.9% NaCl 
E)  H₂O

Question 12

Two physiological responses to hypovolemia are constriction of blood vessels and the secretion of _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two physiological responses to hypovolemia are constriction...

Question 13

The response to an increase in cellular solute concentration is called _______ thirst.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypovolemic 
B)  hypotonic 
C)  osmotic 
D)  osmoreceptive 
A)  hypovolemic 
B)  hypotonic 
C)  osmotic 
D)  osmoreceptive

Question 14

Angiotensin II acts on the _______ to provoke the release of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothalamus; aldosterone 
B)  kidney; renin 
C)  adrenals; aldosterone 
D)  adrenals; vasopressin 
A)  hypothalamus; aldosterone 
B)  kidney; renin 
C)  adrenals; aldosterone 
D)  adrenals; vasopressin

Question 15

A treatment that increases the life span of lab animals is _______, which causes a(n) _______ in basal metabolism.

Accepted Answer

A)  food deprivation; decrease 
B)  food deprivation; increase 
C)  ad lib feeding; decrease 
D)  ad lib feeding; increase 
A)  food deprivation; decrease 
B)  food deprivation; increase 
C)  ad lib feeding; decrease 
D)  ad lib feeding; increase

Question 16

Which form of diabetes results from the cessation of insulin production?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diabetes insipidus 
B)  Type I diabetes 
C)  Type II diabetes 
D)  Congenital diabetes 
A)  Diabetes insipidus 
B)  Type I diabetes 
C)  Type II diabetes 
D)  Congenital diabetes

Question 17

Refer to the figure, which shows changes in body weight in rats following hypothalamic lesioning.
  Which answer accurately labels the data represented in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  I: Recovered VMH-lesion; II: Normal, untreated; III: Recovered lateral hypothalamus-lesion 
B)  I: Normal, untreated; II: Recovered VMH-lesion; III: Recovered lateral hypothalamus-lesion 
C)  I: Recovered lateral hypothalamus-lesion; II: Normal, untreated; III: Recovered VMH-lesion 
D)  I: Recovered VMH-lesion; II: Normal, untreated; III: Normal, untreated 
A)  I: Recovered VMH-lesion; II: Normal, untreated; III: Recovered lateral hypothalamus-lesion 
B)  I: Normal, untreated; II: Recovered VMH-lesion; III: Recovered lateral hypothalamus-lesion 
C)  I: Recovered lateral hypothalamus-lesion; II: Normal, untreated; III: Recovered VMH-lesion 
D)  I: Recovered VMH-lesion; II: Normal, untreated; III: Normal, untreated

Question 18

Because land animals' bodies are not sealed from the environment, water and salts must be replaced due to _______ losses.

Accepted Answer

A)  intermittent 
B)  annual 
C)  age-related 
D)  constant 
A)  intermittent 
B)  annual 
C)  age-related 
D)  constant

Question 19

Angiotensin II is produced in a reaction involving renin, which is secreted by the

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenal glands. 
B)  kidneys. 
C)  pituitary gland. 
D)  subfornical organs. 
A)  adrenal glands. 
B)  kidneys. 
C)  pituitary gland. 
D)  subfornical organs.

Question 20

Which of the following does not result from lesions of the VMH in rats?

Accepted Answer

A)  An initial increase in weight if the animals are given high caloric, palatable food 
B)  Hyperphagia 
C)  Maintenance of high weight even with food deprivation 
D)  Defense of a new, higher target weight 
A)  An initial increase in weight if the animals are given high caloric, palatable food 
B)  Hyperphagia 
C)  Maintenance of high weight even with food deprivation 
D)  Defense of a new, higher target weight

Which of the following is a possible consequence of antibiotic treatments?

Describe fecal transplantation, including its effects on an individual's enterotype, and explain the possible advantages of this treatment over antibiotic treatment for infections of the gut.

Which treatment is a promising new approach for restoring a healthy enterotype?

The primary source of energy for the body is

The main weakness of the previously accepted distinction between "warm-blooded" and "cold-blooded" is that even cold-blooded animals

One reason that body temperature is a critical variable for animals is that the actions of many _______ are temperature-dependent.

The hormone _______, which induces drinking, is vital to the homeostasis of water balance due to hypovolemia.

Endotherms may show a significant, endogenously induced departure from their average body temperatures known as _______.

Refer to the figure. The two chambers in the figure are separated by a semipermeable membrane. What will happen to the fluid levels if salt is added to the left chamber?

Osmosensory neurons are cells that detect changes in

Matching -Isotonic

Two physiological responses to hypovolemia are constriction of blood vessels and the secretion of _______.

The response to an increase in cellular solute concentration is called _______ thirst.

Angiotensin II acts on the _ to provoke the release of _.

A treatment that increases the life span of lab animals is _, which causes a(n) _ in basal metabolism.

Which form of diabetes results from the cessation of insulin production?

Refer to the figure, which shows changes in body weight in rats following hypothalamic lesioning. Which answer accurately labels the data represented in the figure?

Because land animals' bodies are not sealed from the environment, water and salts must be replaced due to _______ losses.

Angiotensin II is produced in a reaction involving renin, which is secreted by the

Which of the following does not result from lesions of the VMH in rats?

Behavioral Neuroscience Scope and Outlook

Functional Neuroanatomy: The Cells and Structures of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: The Generation, Transmission, and Integration of Neural Signals

The Chemistry of Behavior: Neurotransmitters and Neuropharmacology

Hormones and the Brain

Evolution of the Brain and Behavior

Life-Span Development of the Brain and Behavior

General Principles of Sensory Processing, Touch, and Pain

Hearing, Balance, Taste, and Smell

Vision: From Eye to Brain

Motor Control and Plasticity

Sex: Evolutionary, Hormonal, and Neural Bases

Biological Rhythms, Sleep, and Dreaming

Emotions, Aggression, and Stress

Psychopathology: Biological Basis of Behavioral Disorders

Learning and Memory

Attention and Higher Cognition

Language and Lateralization

Filters

Exam 13: Homeostasis: Active Regulation of the Internal Environment

Which of the following is a possible consequence of antibiotic treatments?

Describe fecal transplantation, including its effects on an individual's enterotype, and explain the possible advantages of this treatment over antibiotic treatment for infections of the gut.

Which treatment is a promising new approach for restoring a healthy enterotype?

The primary source of energy for the body is

The main weakness of the previously accepted distinction between "warm-blooded" and "cold-blooded" is that even cold-blooded animals

One reason that body temperature is a critical variable for animals is that the actions of many _______ are temperature-dependent.

The hormone _______, which induces drinking, is vital to the homeostasis of water balance due to hypovolemia.

Endotherms may show a significant, endogenously induced departure from their average body temperatures known as _______.

Refer to the figure. The two chambers in the figure are separated by a semipermeable membrane. What will happen to the fluid levels if salt is added to the left chamber?

Osmosensory neurons are cells that detect changes in

Matching -Isotonic

Two physiological responses to hypovolemia are constriction of blood vessels and the secretion of _______.

The response to an increase in cellular solute concentration is called _______ thirst.

Angiotensin II acts on the _______ to provoke the release of _______.

A treatment that increases the life span of lab animals is _______, which causes a(n) _______ in basal metabolism.

Which form of diabetes results from the cessation of insulin production?

Refer to the figure, which shows changes in body weight in rats following hypothalamic lesioning. Which answer accurately labels the data represented in the figure?

Because land animals' bodies are not sealed from the environment, water and salts must be replaced due to _______ losses.

Angiotensin II is produced in a reaction involving renin, which is secreted by the

Which of the following does not result from lesions of the VMH in rats?

Behavioral Neuroscience Scope and Outlook

Functional Neuroanatomy: The Cells and Structures of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: The Generation, Transmission, and Integration of Neural Signals

The Chemistry of Behavior: Neurotransmitters and Neuropharmacology

Hormones and the Brain

Evolution of the Brain and Behavior

Life-Span Development of the Brain and Behavior

General Principles of Sensory Processing, Touch, and Pain

Hearing, Balance, Taste, and Smell

Vision: From Eye to Brain

Motor Control and Plasticity

Sex: Evolutionary, Hormonal, and Neural Bases

Biological Rhythms, Sleep, and Dreaming

Emotions, Aggression, and Stress

Psychopathology: Biological Basis of Behavioral Disorders

Learning and Memory

Attention and Higher Cognition

Language and Lateralization

Filters

Angiotensin II acts on the _ to provoke the release of _.

A treatment that increases the life span of lab animals is _, which causes a(n) _ in basal metabolism.