Question 1

Scientists must always obtain the written informed consent of research participants, even when the research involves minimal risk of harm.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

According to the textbook authors,

Accepted Answer

A)  the ethics of data collection and analysis is less important than other ethical concerns. 
B)  because of pressures to publish, unethical data manipulation and data fabrication are relatively common. 
C)  reporting fraudulent data hurts only the individual scientist who fabricates the data. 
D)  the policy of data sharing may reduce the likelihood of scientific fraud. 
A)  the ethics of data collection and analysis is less important than other ethical concerns. 
B)  because of pressures to publish, unethical data manipulation and data fabrication are relatively common. 
C)  reporting fraudulent data hurts only the individual scientist who fabricates the data. 
D)  the policy of data sharing may reduce the likelihood of scientific fraud.

Question 3

A cost-benefit analysis may justify the risk of harm to research participants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

According to the text, scientists should restrict the dissemination of findings in order to avoid potentially unethical applications.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which study mentioned in the text was terminated early because of its unanticipated harm to research participants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tuskegee syphilis study 
B)  Zimbardo's prison simulation study 
C)  Milgram's study of obedience to authority 
D)  Humphreys's study of sexual encounters in public rest rooms 
A)  Tuskegee syphilis study 
B)  Zimbardo's prison simulation study 
C)  Milgram's study of obedience to authority 
D)  Humphreys's study of sexual encounters in public rest rooms

Question 6

According the text, the doctrine of value neutrality

Accepted Answer

A)  continues to be widely accepted among social scientists. 
B)  applies to the natural but not to the social sciences. 
C)  is basic to the advancement of science. 
D)  is no longer considered acceptable. 
A)  continues to be widely accepted among social scientists. 
B)  applies to the natural but not to the social sciences. 
C)  is basic to the advancement of science. 
D)  is no longer considered acceptable.

Question 7

Part of informed consent is making it clear to participants that their participation is voluntary.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Reviews of research on same-sex parenting indicate that biased reporting of evidence only occurs among researchers opposed to homosexual parenting.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

With regard to the practical application of research findings, the text suggests that social scientists

Accepted Answer

A)  have no control over and, therefore, no ethical obligation to consider how their findings may be used by others. 
B)  should emulate medical researchers and play the role of impartial experts. 
C)  should consider the implications of their research and how others may use their findings. 
D)  should avoid advocating particular uses of their findings. 
A)  have no control over and, therefore, no ethical obligation to consider how their findings may be used by others. 
B)  should emulate medical researchers and play the role of impartial experts. 
C)  should consider the implications of their research and how others may use their findings. 
D)  should avoid advocating particular uses of their findings.

Question 10

Research ethics apply to conducting and reporting research as well as the treatment of research participants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

According to the text, a cost-benefit analysis of the risk of harm and potential benefits

Accepted Answer

A)  can be a helpful first step in examining the ethics of a proposed study. 
B)  is most applicable when society as a whole serves to benefit from the research. 
C)  tends to ignore the benefits that accrue to science. 
D)  is ethically problematic because the ends should never justify the means of research. 
A)  can be a helpful first step in examining the ethics of a proposed study. 
B)  is most applicable when society as a whole serves to benefit from the research. 
C)  tends to ignore the benefits that accrue to science. 
D)  is ethically problematic because the ends should never justify the means of research.

Question 12

What does it mean, according to the Common Rule, for a study to involve "minimal risk"?

Accepted Answer

A)  The level of distress a participant might experience is no greater than what may be encountered in daily life. 
B)  The odds are less than 1 in 10 that normal adults will experience discomfort from their participation. 
C)  The odds are less than 1 in 100 that normal adults will experience discomfort from their participation. 
D)  The odds are less than 1 in 100 that research participants will withdraw from the experiment because of the risk. 
A)  The level of distress a participant might experience is no greater than what may be encountered in daily life. 
B)  The odds are less than 1 in 10 that normal adults will experience discomfort from their participation. 
C)  The odds are less than 1 in 100 that normal adults will experience discomfort from their participation. 
D)  The odds are less than 1 in 100 that research participants will withdraw from the experiment because of the risk.

Question 13

To obtain informed consent, you must do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  inform participants that their participation is voluntary. 
B)  forewarn participants about potentially harmful effects. 
C)  fully disclose your research objectives and hypotheses. 
D)  inform participants that they may discontinue their participation at any time. 
A)  inform participants that their participation is voluntary. 
B)  forewarn participants about potentially harmful effects. 
C)  fully disclose your research objectives and hypotheses. 
D)  inform participants that they may discontinue their participation at any time.

Question 14

What happens when the IRB gives a proposed study an expedited review?

Accepted Answer

A)  The IRB approves the study subject to minor modifications. 
B)  The IRB disapproves the study. 
C)  The IRB chairperson or a designated member of the board reviews the proposal. 
D)  The IRB reviews the proposed study at its earliest convenience. 
A)  The IRB approves the study subject to minor modifications. 
B)  The IRB disapproves the study. 
C)  The IRB chairperson or a designated member of the board reviews the proposal. 
D)  The IRB reviews the proposed study at its earliest convenience.

Question 15

Which type of study is not compatible with obtaining informed consent?

Accepted Answer

A)  laboratory experiments 
B)  survey research 
C)  covert participation observation 
D)  structured observation 
A)  laboratory experiments 
B)  survey research 
C)  covert participation observation 
D)  structured observation

Question 16

Some social scientists strongly oppose the use of deception in social research.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The use of deception in social research is

Accepted Answer

A)  illegal. 
B)  permissible under certain conditions. 
C)  methodologically unsound. 
D)  rare because of federal ethical constraints on it use. 
A)  illegal. 
B)  permissible under certain conditions. 
C)  methodologically unsound. 
D)  rare because of federal ethical constraints on it use.

Question 18

The Belmont Report presented three ethical principles that formed the basis for the development of federal regulations for protecting research participants: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Carefully explain how these principles underlie regulations regarding risk of harm and informed consent.

Accepted Answer

The three ethical principles outlined in

Question 19

Which Belmont principle led to federal regulations on informed consent?

Accepted Answer

A)  respect for persons 
B)  beneficence 
C)  justice 
D)  security 
A)  respect for persons 
B)  beneficence 
C)  justice 
D)  security

Question 20

The use of deception in social research is controversial.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Scientists must always obtain the written informed consent of research participants, even when the research involves minimal risk of harm.

According to the textbook authors,

A cost-benefit analysis may justify the risk of harm to research participants.

According to the text, scientists should restrict the dissemination of findings in order to avoid potentially unethical applications.

Which study mentioned in the text was terminated early because of its unanticipated harm to research participants?

According the text, the doctrine of value neutrality

Part of informed consent is making it clear to participants that their participation is voluntary.

Reviews of research on same-sex parenting indicate that biased reporting of evidence only occurs among researchers opposed to homosexual parenting.

With regard to the practical application of research findings, the text suggests that social scientists

Research ethics apply to conducting and reporting research as well as the treatment of research participants.

According to the text, a cost-benefit analysis of the risk of harm and potential benefits

What does it mean, according to the Common Rule, for a study to involve "minimal risk"?

To obtain informed consent, you must do all of the following except

What happens when the IRB gives a proposed study an expedited review?

Which type of study is not compatible with obtaining informed consent?

Some social scientists strongly oppose the use of deception in social research.

The use of deception in social research is

Which Belmont principle led to federal regulations on informed consent?

The use of deception in social research is controversial.

Introduction

The Nature of Science

Elements of Research Design

Measurement

Sampling

Experimentation

Experimental Designs

Survey Research

Survey Instrumentation

Field Research

Research Using Available Data

Multiple Methods

Data Processing and Elementary Data Analysis

Multivariate Analysis

Writing Research Reports

Filters

Exam 3: Research Ethics

Scientists must always obtain the written informed consent of research participants, even when the research involves minimal risk of harm.

According to the textbook authors,

A cost-benefit analysis may justify the risk of harm to research participants.

According to the text, scientists should restrict the dissemination of findings in order to avoid potentially unethical applications.

Which study mentioned in the text was terminated early because of its unanticipated harm to research participants?

According the text, the doctrine of value neutrality

Part of informed consent is making it clear to participants that their participation is voluntary.

Reviews of research on same-sex parenting indicate that biased reporting of evidence only occurs among researchers opposed to homosexual parenting.

With regard to the practical application of research findings, the text suggests that social scientists

Research ethics apply to conducting and reporting research as well as the treatment of research participants.

According to the text, a cost-benefit analysis of the risk of harm and potential benefits

What does it mean, according to the Common Rule, for a study to involve "minimal risk"?

To obtain informed consent, you must do all of the following except

What happens when the IRB gives a proposed study an expedited review?

Which type of study is not compatible with obtaining informed consent?

Some social scientists strongly oppose the use of deception in social research.

The use of deception in social research is

Which Belmont principle led to federal regulations on informed consent?

The use of deception in social research is controversial.

Introduction

The Nature of Science

Elements of Research Design

Measurement

Sampling

Experimentation

Experimental Designs

Survey Research

Survey Instrumentation

Field Research

Research Using Available Data

Multiple Methods

Data Processing and Elementary Data Analysis

Multivariate Analysis

Writing Research Reports

Filters