Question 1

Briefly describe an experiment that would test the Premack differential probability principle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly describe an experiment that would test...

Question 2

Which of the following will not have much of an effect on the demand a group of rats has for food pellet reinforcers?

Accepted Answer

A) the amount of time the rats have to make responses 
B) the number of responses required to earn a reinforcer 
C) the availability of food substitutes 
D) the availability of time on a running wheel 
A) the amount of time the rats have to make responses 
B) the number of responses required to earn a reinforcer 
C) the availability of food substitutes 
D) the availability of time on a running wheel

Question 3

The problem with assuming that R-O relationships act alone to produce instrumental behavior is that

Accepted Answer

A) it is difficult to demonstrate R-O relationships in the laboratory. 
B) R-O relationships are theoretical constructs. 
C) the R-O relationship does not explain what causes the response in the first place. 
D) R-O relationships ignore rg-sg mechanisms. 
A) it is difficult to demonstrate R-O relationships in the laboratory. 
B) R-O relationships are theoretical constructs. 
C) the R-O relationship does not explain what causes the response in the first place. 
D) R-O relationships ignore rg-sg mechanisms.

Question 4

A major contribution of the Premack principle is that

Accepted Answer

A) it focused attention on the homeostatic mechanisms of behavior. 
B) it encouraged thinking about reinforcers as responses. 
C) it began the discussion of neural mechanisms of reinforcement. 
D) it challenged drive reduction theory by focusing attention on sensory reinforcement. 
A) it focused attention on the homeostatic mechanisms of behavior. 
B) it encouraged thinking about reinforcers as responses. 
C) it began the discussion of neural mechanisms of reinforcement. 
D) it challenged drive reduction theory by focusing attention on sensory reinforcement.

Question 5

According to the response allocation approach, imposing an instrumental contingency

Accepted Answer

A) establishes a new physiological drive state. 
B) activates dedicated brain regions sensitive to reinforcement. 
C) disrupts the distribution of responses from free baseline. 
D) causes increased attention to sensory reinforcement. 
A) establishes a new physiological drive state. 
B) activates dedicated brain regions sensitive to reinforcement. 
C) disrupts the distribution of responses from free baseline. 
D) causes increased attention to sensory reinforcement.

Question 6

What is the unconstrained baseline\behavioral bliss point? How does an experimenter determine this? How does the baseline\bliss point approach account for reinforcer effects?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the unconstrained baseline\behavioral bliss point?...

Question 7

A male Japanese quail was pecking at a key light for access to a quail hen. During this time, the researcher presented the male with a tone CS that had previously signaled the end of a period of access to food. According to the two-process theory, in response to the CS, the keypeck rate will

Accepted Answer

A) remain the same. 
B) decrease. 
C) increase. 
D) decrease, then increase. 
A) remain the same. 
B) decrease. 
C) increase. 
D) decrease, then increase.

Question 8

Sally was pushing the buttons of a video game to earn gold pieces when she heard the bicycle-bell belonging to her cruel older brother, signaling that he was home. According to the two-process theory, she will push the buttons

Accepted Answer

A) more rapidly. 
B) less rapidly. 
C) at the same rate. 
D) more rapidly at first and then less rapidly. 
A) more rapidly. 
B) less rapidly. 
C) at the same rate. 
D) more rapidly at first and then less rapidly.

Question 9

A rat spends equal amounts of time running and drinking. In a graph of this behavior, time spent running is represented on the x axis. The y axis represents time spent drinking. When running is restricted by an instrumental constraint, the slope of the line representing the new instrumental contingency

Accepted Answer

A) is steeper than the slope of the line through the bliss point. 
B) is less steep than the slope of the line through the bliss point. 
C) is the same as the slope of the line through the bliss point. 
D) cannot be determined with the above information. 
A) is steeper than the slope of the line through the bliss point. 
B) is less steep than the slope of the line through the bliss point. 
C) is the same as the slope of the line through the bliss point. 
D) cannot be determined with the above information.

Question 10

Describe what is an S-R association and what provides the best evidence for it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe what is an S-R association and...

Question 11

Describe implications of modern concepts of reinforcement for behavior therapy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe implications of modern concepts of reinforcement...

Question 12

Which of the following is not a contribution of the response allocation approach?

Accepted Answer

A) It moved us away from thinking about reinforcers as a special class of stimuli. 
B) It highlighted that instrumental behavior cannot be considered in a vacuum. 
C) It suggests that behavioral economics is useful in understanding the tradeoffs in an instrumental contingency. 
D) Instrumental conditioning began to be viewed as a strengthening of the instrumental response. 
A) It moved us away from thinking about reinforcers as a special class of stimuli. 
B) It highlighted that instrumental behavior cannot be considered in a vacuum. 
C) It suggests that behavioral economics is useful in understanding the tradeoffs in an instrumental contingency. 
D) Instrumental conditioning began to be viewed as a strengthening of the instrumental response.

Question 13

The findings from Pavlovian instrumental transfer experiments generally support

Accepted Answer

A) the Hull-Spence rg-sg mechanism. 
B) reward-specific expectancy theory. 
C) the modern two-process theory. 
D) SOP and AESOP theories. 
A) the Hull-Spence rg-sg mechanism. 
B) reward-specific expectancy theory. 
C) the modern two-process theory. 
D) SOP and AESOP theories.

Question 14

Compare the Premack principle to the response deprivation hypothesis. What evidence supports the response deprivation hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the Premack principle to the response...

Question 15

A child who chewed very little gum was fitted with braces and cannot chew gum at all. Now, the child's friends can reward mischievous behavior in the child by sneaking the child pieces of gum. Which of the following theories best accounts for the ability of gum chewing to reinforce other behaviors in this child?

Accepted Answer

A) drive reduction theory 
B) the response deprivation hypothesis 
C) the Premack principle 
D) the differential probability theory 
A) drive reduction theory 
B) the response deprivation hypothesis 
C) the Premack principle 
D) the differential probability theory

Question 16

According to the two-process theory, the emotional state generated by an instrumental conditioning procedure is determined by

Accepted Answer

A) the CS modality. 
B) the type of reinforcer presented. 
C) the type of instrumental response. 
D) the rg mechanism. 
A) the CS modality. 
B) the type of reinforcer presented. 
C) the type of instrumental response. 
D) the rg mechanism.

Question 17

According to the response allocation approach, reinforcement effects occur because

Accepted Answer

A) behavioral regulatory mechanisms function to minimize deviations from the optimal distribution of responses. 
B) the drive state changes due to the instrumental contingency. 
C) an animal attempts to earn as many reinforcers as possible, given the time constraints. 
D) the animal seeks to maximize the sensory reinforcement of the contingent behavior. 
A) behavioral regulatory mechanisms function to minimize deviations from the optimal distribution of responses. 
B) the drive state changes due to the instrumental contingency. 
C) an animal attempts to earn as many reinforcers as possible, given the time constraints. 
D) the animal seeks to maximize the sensory reinforcement of the contingent behavior.

Question 18

According to the response allocation approach, when a rat is hungry, it pushes a lever to get food in order to

Accepted Answer

A) reduce a physiological drive state. 
B) stay as close as possible to an unconstrained baseline of behavior. 
C) receive the sensory stimulation of consuming the food. 
D) make the species typical response of consuming food. 
A) reduce a physiological drive state. 
B) stay as close as possible to an unconstrained baseline of behavior. 
C) receive the sensory stimulation of consuming the food. 
D) make the species typical response of consuming food.

Briefly describe an experiment that would test the Premack differential probability principle.

Which of the following will not have much of an effect on the demand a group of rats has for food pellet reinforcers?

The problem with assuming that R-O relationships act alone to produce instrumental behavior is that

A major contribution of the Premack principle is that

According to the response allocation approach, imposing an instrumental contingency

What is the unconstrained baseline\behavioral bliss point? How does an experimenter determine this? How does the baseline\bliss point approach account for reinforcer effects?

A male Japanese quail was pecking at a key light for access to a quail hen. During this time, the researcher presented the male with a tone CS that had previously signaled the end of a period of access to food. According to the two-process theory, in response to the CS, the keypeck rate will

Sally was pushing the buttons of a video game to earn gold pieces when she heard the bicycle-bell belonging to her cruel older brother, signaling that he was home. According to the two-process theory, she will push the buttons

Describe what is an S-R association and what provides the best evidence for it.

Describe implications of modern concepts of reinforcement for behavior therapy.

Which of the following is not a contribution of the response allocation approach?

The findings from Pavlovian instrumental transfer experiments generally support

Compare the Premack principle to the response deprivation hypothesis. What evidence supports the response deprivation hypothesis?

According to the two-process theory, the emotional state generated by an instrumental conditioning procedure is determined by

According to the response allocation approach, reinforcement effects occur because

According to the response allocation approach, when a rat is hungry, it pushes a lever to get food in order to

Introduction

Elicited Behavior Habituation and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Instrumental Conditioning

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Averse Control

Comparative Cognition I

Comparative Cognition II

Filters

Exam 7: Instrumental Conditioning

Briefly describe an experiment that would test the Premack differential probability principle.

Which of the following will not have much of an effect on the demand a group of rats has for food pellet reinforcers?

The problem with assuming that R-O relationships act alone to produce instrumental behavior is that

A major contribution of the Premack principle is that

According to the response allocation approach, imposing an instrumental contingency

What is the unconstrained baseline\behavioral bliss point? How does an experimenter determine this? How does the baseline\bliss point approach account for reinforcer effects?

A male Japanese quail was pecking at a key light for access to a quail hen. During this time, the researcher presented the male with a tone CS that had previously signaled the end of a period of access to food. According to the two-process theory, in response to the CS, the keypeck rate will

Sally was pushing the buttons of a video game to earn gold pieces when she heard the bicycle-bell belonging to her cruel older brother, signaling that he was home. According to the two-process theory, she will push the buttons

Describe what is an S-R association and what provides the best evidence for it.

Describe implications of modern concepts of reinforcement for behavior therapy.

Which of the following is not a contribution of the response allocation approach?

The findings from Pavlovian instrumental transfer experiments generally support

Compare the Premack principle to the response deprivation hypothesis. What evidence supports the response deprivation hypothesis?

According to the two-process theory, the emotional state generated by an instrumental conditioning procedure is determined by

According to the response allocation approach, reinforcement effects occur because

According to the response allocation approach, when a rat is hungry, it pushes a lever to get food in order to

Introduction

Elicited Behavior Habituation and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Instrumental Conditioning

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Averse Control

Comparative Cognition I

Comparative Cognition II

Filters