Question 1

Describe what an S-O association is and what research tactic provides the best evidence for it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe what an S-O association is and...

Question 2

Provide evidence that supports the hypothesis that animals can develop specific reward expectancies during conditioning procedures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide evidence that supports the hypothesis that...

Question 3

The bliss point can be identified by

Accepted Answer

A) the relative frequency of behavior under instrumental constraint. 
B) the relative sensory input under instrumental constraint. 
C) the relative sensory input in an unconstrained situation. 
D) the relative frequency of behavior in an unconstrained situation. 
A) the relative frequency of behavior under instrumental constraint. 
B) the relative sensory input under instrumental constraint. 
C) the relative sensory input in an unconstrained situation. 
D) the relative frequency of behavior in an unconstrained situation.

Question 4

How do studies of the associative structure of instrumental conditioning help in understanding the nature of drug addiction?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do studies of the associative structure...

Question 5

If you wanted to increase the "price" in an instrumental procedure, you could

Accepted Answer

A) increase the size of the reinforcer. 
B) increase the sensory reinforcement of the reward. 
C) increase the number of lever presses required. 
D) increase the deprivation time. 
A) increase the size of the reinforcer. 
B) increase the sensory reinforcement of the reward. 
C) increase the number of lever presses required. 
D) increase the deprivation time.

Question 6

Which of the following CS pairings during Phase 2 is most likely to result in a sign tracking response that will complicate the interpretation of a Pavlovian instrumental transfer experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) A tone CS is paired with an annoying noise. 
B) A key light CS is paired with footshock. 
C) An odor CS is paired with the termination of an annoying noise. 
D) A puff of air CS is paired with termination of food access. 
A) A tone CS is paired with an annoying noise. 
B) A key light CS is paired with footshock. 
C) An odor CS is paired with the termination of an annoying noise. 
D) A puff of air CS is paired with termination of food access.

Question 7

Which of the following relationships are not included in two process theory?

Accepted Answer

A) O-O 
B) R-O 
C) S(R-O) 
D) none of the above are included 
A) O-O 
B) R-O 
C) S(R-O) 
D) none of the above are included

Question 8

What investigative techniques are used to provide evidence of R-O associations? Why is it not possible to explain instrumental behavior by assuming only R-O association learning?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What investigative techniques are used to provide...

Question 9

According to Premack's theory,

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement is dependent on species typical responses. 
B) protecting physiological homeostasis motivates behavior. 
C) high probability responses reinforce lower probability responses. 
D) the likelihood of all instrumental responses is the same. 
A) reinforcement is dependent on species typical responses. 
B) protecting physiological homeostasis motivates behavior. 
C) high probability responses reinforce lower probability responses. 
D) the likelihood of all instrumental responses is the same.

Question 10

For which of the following items will a 10% price increase have the greatest impact on the demand for the object?

Accepted Answer

A) a 50 cent candy bar 
B) a 10 cent candy bar 
C) a 1 dollar box of candy 
D) a 5 dollar box of candy 
A) a 50 cent candy bar 
B) a 10 cent candy bar 
C) a 1 dollar box of candy 
D) a 5 dollar box of candy

Question 11

Which of the following cannot be explained well without R-O mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A) A rat decreases lever-pressing for food when presented with a CS for footshock, but increases pressing when a CS signaling access to food is presented. 
B) A rat decreases rod-pushing for food when presented with a CS that signals the end of access to food, but increases pushing when a CS signaling access to sugar water is presented. 
C) A rat decreases licking a grape-flavored solution after that solution was paired with illness, but continues to lick a strawberry-flavored solution. 
D) A rat decreases pushing a bar to the right for food after that food was paired with illness, but continues to push the bar to the left for water. 
A) A rat decreases lever-pressing for food when presented with a CS for footshock, but increases pressing when a CS signaling access to food is presented. 
B) A rat decreases rod-pushing for food when presented with a CS that signals the end of access to food, but increases pushing when a CS signaling access to sugar water is presented. 
C) A rat decreases licking a grape-flavored solution after that solution was paired with illness, but continues to lick a strawberry-flavored solution. 
D) A rat decreases pushing a bar to the right for food after that food was paired with illness, but continues to push the bar to the left for water.

Question 12

Which of the following is the focus of the response allocation approach?

Accepted Answer

A) the relative probabilities of instrumental responses in instrumental conditioning 
B) the relative probabilities of reinforcing responses in instrumental conditioning 
C) the drive states of an organism in instrumental conditioning 
D) the distribution of responses and how they are altered in instrumental conditioning 
A) the relative probabilities of instrumental responses in instrumental conditioning 
B) the relative probabilities of reinforcing responses in instrumental conditioning 
C) the drive states of an organism in instrumental conditioning 
D) the distribution of responses and how they are altered in instrumental conditioning

Question 13

What factors influence the elasticity of demand? How do these factors influence our understanding of instrumental conditioning studies with animals?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What factors influence the elasticity of demand?...

Question 14

Most intuitive explanations of instrumental behavior are based on _____ associations.

Accepted Answer

A) R-O 
B) S-R 
C) S-O 
D) R-S 
A) R-O 
B) S-R 
C) S-O 
D) R-S

Question 15

Artificially sweetened solutions made a substantial contribution to theories of reinforcement because

Accepted Answer

A) they have a bitter aftertaste and provide bidirectional reward. 
B) they cannot reduce a biological need but still are rewarding. 
C) they are a supernormal stimulus. 
D) all of the above 
A) they have a bitter aftertaste and provide bidirectional reward. 
B) they cannot reduce a biological need but still are rewarding. 
C) they are a supernormal stimulus. 
D) all of the above

Question 16

Which of the following is not considered a contribution of the Premack principle?

Accepted Answer

A) It encouraged thinking about reinforcers as responses. 
B) It pointed out that any activity could be used as a reinforcer. 
C) It pointed out sensory reinforcement as an alternative to drive reduction. 
D) It paved the way for applications of reinforcement procedures to many differing human problems. 
A) It encouraged thinking about reinforcers as responses. 
B) It pointed out that any activity could be used as a reinforcer. 
C) It pointed out sensory reinforcement as an alternative to drive reduction. 
D) It paved the way for applications of reinforcement procedures to many differing human problems.

Question 17

Suppose you want to reduce the occurrence of some undesired social behavior (like illegal drug use). Describe two things you would do that, according to economic concepts of response allocation, would decrease the behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose you want to reduce the occurrence...

Question 18

According to which of the following theories is the instrumental conditioning procedure itself responsible for the creation of a reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A) the Premack principle 
B) drive reduction theory 
C) the response deprivation hypothesis 
D) the differential probability theory 
A) the Premack principle 
B) drive reduction theory 
C) the response deprivation hypothesis 
D) the differential probability theory

Question 19

Which of the following is not considered a determinant of the elasticity of demand?

Accepted Answer

A) availability of substitutes 
B) price range 
C) income level 
D) reinforcer quantity 
A) availability of substitutes 
B) price range 
C) income level 
D) reinforcer quantity

Question 20

Describe similarities and differences between the Premack principle and subsequent response allocation models.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe similarities and differences between the Premack...

Describe what an S-O association is and what research tactic provides the best evidence for it.

Provide evidence that supports the hypothesis that animals can develop specific reward expectancies during conditioning procedures.

The bliss point can be identified by

How do studies of the associative structure of instrumental conditioning help in understanding the nature of drug addiction?

If you wanted to increase the "price" in an instrumental procedure, you could

Which of the following CS pairings during Phase 2 is most likely to result in a sign tracking response that will complicate the interpretation of a Pavlovian instrumental transfer experiment?

Which of the following relationships are not included in two process theory?

What investigative techniques are used to provide evidence of R-O associations? Why is it not possible to explain instrumental behavior by assuming only R-O association learning?

According to Premack's theory,

For which of the following items will a 10% price increase have the greatest impact on the demand for the object?

Which of the following cannot be explained well without R-O mechanisms?

Which of the following is the focus of the response allocation approach?

What factors influence the elasticity of demand? How do these factors influence our understanding of instrumental conditioning studies with animals?

Most intuitive explanations of instrumental behavior are based on _____ associations.

Artificially sweetened solutions made a substantial contribution to theories of reinforcement because

Which of the following is not considered a contribution of the Premack principle?

Suppose you want to reduce the occurrence of some undesired social behavior (like illegal drug use). Describe two things you would do that, according to economic concepts of response allocation, would decrease the behavior.

According to which of the following theories is the instrumental conditioning procedure itself responsible for the creation of a reinforcer?

Which of the following is not considered a determinant of the elasticity of demand?

Describe similarities and differences between the Premack principle and subsequent response allocation models.

Introduction

Elicited Behavior Habituation and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Instrumental Conditioning

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Averse Control

Comparative Cognition I

Comparative Cognition II

Filters

Exam 7: Instrumental Conditioning

Describe what an S-O association is and what research tactic provides the best evidence for it.

Provide evidence that supports the hypothesis that animals can develop specific reward expectancies during conditioning procedures.

The bliss point can be identified by

How do studies of the associative structure of instrumental conditioning help in understanding the nature of drug addiction?

If you wanted to increase the "price" in an instrumental procedure, you could

Which of the following CS pairings during Phase 2 is most likely to result in a sign tracking response that will complicate the interpretation of a Pavlovian instrumental transfer experiment?

Which of the following relationships are not included in two process theory?

What investigative techniques are used to provide evidence of R-O associations? Why is it not possible to explain instrumental behavior by assuming only R-O association learning?

According to Premack's theory,

For which of the following items will a 10% price increase have the greatest impact on the demand for the object?

Which of the following cannot be explained well without R-O mechanisms?

Which of the following is the focus of the response allocation approach?

What factors influence the elasticity of demand? How do these factors influence our understanding of instrumental conditioning studies with animals?

Most intuitive explanations of instrumental behavior are based on _____ associations.

Artificially sweetened solutions made a substantial contribution to theories of reinforcement because

Which of the following is not considered a contribution of the Premack principle?

Suppose you want to reduce the occurrence of some undesired social behavior (like illegal drug use). Describe two things you would do that, according to economic concepts of response allocation, would decrease the behavior.

According to which of the following theories is the instrumental conditioning procedure itself responsible for the creation of a reinforcer?

Which of the following is not considered a determinant of the elasticity of demand?

Describe similarities and differences between the Premack principle and subsequent response allocation models.

Introduction

Elicited Behavior Habituation and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Instrumental Conditioning

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Averse Control

Comparative Cognition I

Comparative Cognition II

Filters