Question 1

Researchers use random assignment in an effort to create groups that are as similar as possible.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

If there are many individual differences that could confound your study, what is the best approach for creating equivalent groups in that case?

Accepted Answer

A)  Holding the variables constant 
B)  Using random assignment 
C)  Matching groups of participants 
D)  Restricting the range of values for all extraneous variables 
A)  Holding the variables constant 
B)  Using random assignment 
C)  Matching groups of participants 
D)  Restricting the range of values for all extraneous variables

Question 3

The primary limitation of a two-group design is that it ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  is extremely difficult to interpret 
B)  decreases the chances of demonstrating a significant mean difference 
C)  tends to reduce the differences between the groups 
D)  may not provide a complete picture of the relationship between the variables 
A)  is extremely difficult to interpret 
B)  decreases the chances of demonstrating a significant mean difference 
C)  tends to reduce the differences between the groups 
D)  may not provide a complete picture of the relationship between the variables

Question 4

Differential attrition can threaten the internal validity of a between-subjects experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In a between-subjects design, the separate groups must be as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  similar in participant characteristics as possible 
B)  different in all environmental variables as possible 
C)  similar in treatment conditions as possible 
D)  similar on the dependent variable measures as possible 
A)  similar in participant characteristics as possible 
B)  different in all environmental variables as possible 
C)  similar in treatment conditions as possible 
D)  similar on the dependent variable measures as possible

Question 6

A between-subjects experiment with 25 scores in treatment I and 25 scores in treatment II must have a total of 25 participants in the experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

An advantage of holding a variable constant rather than using random assignment to form your groups is that holding a variable constant ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  reduces error due to participant differences 
B)  is easier than randomization 
C)  prevents confounding 
D)  ensures a nonbiased sample 
A)  reduces error due to participant differences 
B)  is easier than randomization 
C)  prevents confounding 
D)  ensures a nonbiased sample

Question 8

Compared to within-subjects designs, between-subjects designs require relatively ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  larger numbers of participants 
B)  smaller numbers of participants 
C)  less control of individual difference 
D)  more concern for practice effects 
A)  larger numbers of participants 
B)  smaller numbers of participants 
C)  less control of individual difference 
D)  more concern for practice effects

Question 9

Using a small sample size can help minimize the problems with variance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

When comparing means in a two-group design, which statistical analysis is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Independent-measures t -test 
B)  Repeated-measures t -test 
C)  Single-factor analysis of variance 
D)  Chi-square test for independence 
A)  Independent-measures t -test 
B)  Repeated-measures t -test 
C)  Single-factor analysis of variance 
D)  Chi-square test for independence

Question 11

In a between-subjects design, individual differences (participant variables) are a problem because they can ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cause diffusion and attrition 
B)  increase variability of the scores 
C)  preclude the use of statistical analyses 
D)  produce fatigue effects 
A)  cause diffusion and attrition 
B)  increase variability of the scores 
C)  preclude the use of statistical analyses 
D)  produce fatigue effects

Question 12

Researchers typically try to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the differences between treatments and decrease the variance within treatments 
B)  decrease the differences between treatments and increase the variance within treatments 
C)  increase the differences between treatments and increase the variance within treatments 
D)  decrease the differences between treatments and decrease the variance within treatments 
A)  increase the differences between treatments and decrease the variance within treatments 
B)  decrease the differences between treatments and increase the variance within treatments 
C)  increase the differences between treatments and increase the variance within treatments 
D)  decrease the differences between treatments and decrease the variance within treatments

Question 13

A between-subjects experiment comparing three treatments requires three separate groups of participants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Holding a participant characteristic (such as age or gender) constant strengthens ____ and weakens ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal validity; external validity 
B)  external validity; internal validity 
C)  reliability; validity 
D)  accuracy; reliability 
A)  internal validity; external validity 
B)  external validity; internal validity 
C)  reliability; validity 
D)  accuracy; reliability

Question 15

Holding a variable constant guarantees that the variable cannot become a confounding variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

When comparing means in a single-factor multiple group design, which statistical analysis is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Independent-measures t -test 
B)  Repeated-measures t -test 
C)  Single-factor analysis of variance 
D)  Chi-square test for independence 
A)  Independent-measures t -test 
B)  Repeated-measures t -test 
C)  Single-factor analysis of variance 
D)  Chi-square test for independence

Question 17

In a between-subjects experimental design, individual differences can become a confounding variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In a between-subjects experiment, if the participants in one group are noticeably more intelligent than the participants in another group, then participant intelligence is a confounding variable and threatens the internal validity of the experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of multiple-group designs.

Accepted Answer

Multiple-group designs reveal the full r

Question 20

Compensatory equalization occurs when ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  an untreated group learns of the treatment received by another group and then works extra hard to show that they can perform just as well as individuals receiving the treatment 
B)  an untreated group learns of the treatment received by another group and then demands the same treatment 
C)  an untreated group learns of the treatment received by another group and then becomes less motivated 
D)  participants withdraw from a research study before it is completed 
A)  an untreated group learns of the treatment received by another group and then works extra hard to show that they can perform just as well as individuals receiving the treatment 
B)  an untreated group learns of the treatment received by another group and then demands the same treatment 
C)  an untreated group learns of the treatment received by another group and then becomes less motivated 
D)  participants withdraw from a research study before it is completed

Researchers use random assignment in an effort to create groups that are as similar as possible.

If there are many individual differences that could confound your study, what is the best approach for creating equivalent groups in that case?

The primary limitation of a two-group design is that it ____.

Differential attrition can threaten the internal validity of a between-subjects experiment.

In a between-subjects design, the separate groups must be as ____.

A between-subjects experiment with 25 scores in treatment I and 25 scores in treatment II must have a total of 25 participants in the experiment.

An advantage of holding a variable constant rather than using random assignment to form your groups is that holding a variable constant ____.

Compared to within-subjects designs, between-subjects designs require relatively ____.

Using a small sample size can help minimize the problems with variance.

When comparing means in a two-group design, which statistical analysis is most appropriate?

In a between-subjects design, individual differences (participant variables) are a problem because they can ____.

Researchers typically try to ____.

A between-subjects experiment comparing three treatments requires three separate groups of participants.

Holding a participant characteristic (such as age or gender) constant strengthens and weakens .

Holding a variable constant guarantees that the variable cannot become a confounding variable.

When comparing means in a single-factor multiple group design, which statistical analysis is most appropriate?

In a between-subjects experimental design, individual differences can become a confounding variable.

In a between-subjects experiment, if the participants in one group are noticeably more intelligent than the participants in another group, then participant intelligence is a confounding variable and threatens the internal validity of the experiment.

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of multiple-group designs.

Compensatory equalization occurs when ____.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas and Hypotheses

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Prepost, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

The Correlational Research Strategy

The Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Case Experimental Research Designs

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing an Apa-Style Research Report

Filters

Exam 8: Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Researchers use random assignment in an effort to create groups that are as similar as possible.

If there are many individual differences that could confound your study, what is the best approach for creating equivalent groups in that case?

The primary limitation of a two-group design is that it ____.

Differential attrition can threaten the internal validity of a between-subjects experiment.

In a between-subjects design, the separate groups must be as ____.

A between-subjects experiment with 25 scores in treatment I and 25 scores in treatment II must have a total of 25 participants in the experiment.

An advantage of holding a variable constant rather than using random assignment to form your groups is that holding a variable constant ____.

Compared to within-subjects designs, between-subjects designs require relatively ____.

Using a small sample size can help minimize the problems with variance.

When comparing means in a two-group design, which statistical analysis is most appropriate?

In a between-subjects design, individual differences (participant variables) are a problem because they can ____.

Researchers typically try to ____.

A between-subjects experiment comparing three treatments requires three separate groups of participants.

Holding a participant characteristic (such as age or gender) constant strengthens ____ and weakens ____.

Holding a variable constant guarantees that the variable cannot become a confounding variable.

When comparing means in a single-factor multiple group design, which statistical analysis is most appropriate?

In a between-subjects experimental design, individual differences can become a confounding variable.

In a between-subjects experiment, if the participants in one group are noticeably more intelligent than the participants in another group, then participant intelligence is a confounding variable and threatens the internal validity of the experiment.

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of multiple-group designs.

Compensatory equalization occurs when ____.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas and Hypotheses

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Prepost, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

The Correlational Research Strategy

The Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Case Experimental Research Designs

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing an Apa-Style Research Report

Filters

Holding a participant characteristic (such as age or gender) constant strengthens and weakens .