Exam 8: Social Conflict, Critical Criminology, and Restorative Justice

Consider the relationship between patriarchy, powerlessness, and crime. When lower-class males are shut out of the economic opportunity structure, they try to build their self-image through acts of machismo; such acts may involve:

African American defendants are ______ to be prosecuted under habitual offender statutes if they commit crimes where the victim is likely to be  white.

Globalization has replaced imperialism and colonization as a new form of economic domination and oppression.

Explain and discuss the differences between structural and instrumental Marxism.

Left-realists do not view police as being inherently evil tools of capitalism, but they do wish that police would do which of the following?

According to the instrumental view of critical criminology, the poor may or may not commit more crimes than the rich, but:

High schools located in poverty-stricken inner cities with completion rates of 40 percent or less are referred to as:

Explain the concept of peacemaking criminology and how it differs from other forms of conflict criminology.

The system of _______, in which men dominate public, social, economic, and political affairs, sustains female oppression at home and in the workplace.

Which branch of conflict theory focuses on the emergence of a strict "law and order" philosophy and believes that street criminals prey on the poor and disenfranchised, thus making the poor doubly abused--first by the capitalist system, and then by members of their own class?

If in the United States the Environmental Protection Agency refuses to deal with or turns a blind eye to environmental crimes of the fracking industry, this would be an example of state-corporate crime.

Braithwaite's view of restorative justice rests on the concept of shame. What is known about shame?

Structural theorists believe that the justice system is designed to change the status quo to create a more balanced system.

According to Willem Bonger, crimes are considered antisocial acts because they are harmful to:

Which theorist argued that modern society is organized into imperatively coordinated associations--those who possess authority, and those who lack authority?

Restorative justice discourages the involvement of the community in criminal punishments.

Two elements of globalization encourage criminality: one ______, the other cultural.

Instrumental theorists consider it essential to demystify law and justice-that is, to unmask its true purpose.

According to power-control theory, families in which fathers and mothers assume the traditional role of the man working outside the home and women working inside the home are called _______ families.

_________ emerged from Native American culture; they require people accused of breaking the law to meet with community members, victims, village elders, and agents of the justice system.