Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the six elements of the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A)  making observations 
B)  intuitive analysis 
C)  proposing a hypothesis 
D)  theory building 
A)  making observations 
B)  intuitive analysis 
C)  proposing a hypothesis 
D)  theory building

Question 2

Students who are reflective learners set goals that are

Accepted Answer

A)  specific and measurable. 
B)  broad-based and flexible. 
C)  contingent and analytic. 
D)  experiential and context-driven. 
A)  specific and measurable. 
B)  broad-based and flexible. 
C)  contingent and analytic. 
D)  experiential and context-driven.

Question 3

Three research assistants were assigned the task of counting the number of times a particular student exhibited inattentive behaviors during a 30-minute math class. The first research assistant counted five inattentive behaviors, the second recorded eight, and the third observed only two. Assuming the three research assistants are equally accurate in what they observed, the most likely explanation for this discrepancy in recordings would be that the inattentive behavior

Accepted Answer

A)  was not the correct hypothesis. 
B)  was not observed for a long enough period of time. 
C)  was not operationally defined. 
D)  would require at least five observers for an accurate count. 
A)  was not the correct hypothesis. 
B)  was not observed for a long enough period of time. 
C)  was not operationally defined. 
D)  would require at least five observers for an accurate count.

Question 4

One of the reasons to study psychology is to

Accepted Answer

A)  better understand human behavior. 
B)  learn how to manipulate others for personal gain. 
C)  utilize it in combination with the field of astrology in predicting human behavior. 
D)  have the answers to all of life's questions. 
A)  better understand human behavior. 
B)  learn how to manipulate others for personal gain. 
C)  utilize it in combination with the field of astrology in predicting human behavior. 
D)  have the answers to all of life's questions.

Question 5

Braxton and Shelia are curious about the relationship between obesity and hours spent watching television. They obtained data on rates of obesity and reported hours watching television over a four-year period. When they graphed the rate of obesity in the sample and the hours of television watched, they found that obesity and watching television have a positive relationship. The more hours the sample reported watching television, the higher the rate of obesity. Therefore, knowing how much television a population watches now allows us to

Accepted Answer

A)  predict the rate of obesity. 
B)  explain why obesity occurs. 
C)  prevent obesity. 
D)  recommend less television time for weight loss. 
A)  predict the rate of obesity. 
B)  explain why obesity occurs. 
C)  prevent obesity. 
D)  recommend less television time for weight loss.

Question 6

According to your textbook, people who avoid distractions and skillfully gather ideas are referred to as analytical listeners.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Regarding ethics in research, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Although the APA has set up guidelines for experiments with humans, they have yet to provide guidelines for research with animals. 
B)  Researchers are not required by the APA guidelines to provide results or interpretations to participants at the end of the experiment. 
C)  Researchers do not have to describe all risks to potential participants, and once a subject begins an experiment, his or her continued participation is no longer voluntary. 
D)  Most university psychology departments have ethics committees that oversee the research done at the college to help ensure ethical guidelines are followed. 
A)  Although the APA has set up guidelines for experiments with humans, they have yet to provide guidelines for research with animals. 
B)  Researchers are not required by the APA guidelines to provide results or interpretations to participants at the end of the experiment. 
C)  Researchers do not have to describe all risks to potential participants, and once a subject begins an experiment, his or her continued participation is no longer voluntary. 
D)  Most university psychology departments have ethics committees that oversee the research done at the college to help ensure ethical guidelines are followed.

Question 8

As a child grows in height from infancy to preschool, his or her vocabulary also increases. This is a positive correlation. Explain why this correlation does not show causation but does allow one to predict either event.

Accepted Answer

Answer will include that correlation onl

Question 9

Inferences, interpretations, and opinions, including the opinions of experts, have no value in science or critical thinking.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A promotional video for a mindfulness retreat shows people walking across hot coals while barefoot. The founder of the retreat says that by learning neurolinguistic programming you too can walk across hot coals and handle any stress. You should be skeptical about the effectiveness of neurolinguistic programming in this instance because

Accepted Answer

A)  it is impossible to calmly walk over hot coals. 
B)  it is likely that this finding was tainted by observer bias. 
C)  correlation does not equal causation. 
D)  there was no control group with which to make a comparison. 
A)  it is impossible to calmly walk over hot coals. 
B)  it is likely that this finding was tainted by observer bias. 
C)  correlation does not equal causation. 
D)  there was no control group with which to make a comparison.

Question 11

You spent an evening watching television. The next day a friend asks what you watched on TV last night, and you cannot remember. You were engaging in __________ processing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You spent an evening watching television. The...

Question 12

A theater reported that their highest beverage sales this year occurred during showings of The Great African Desert . However, we cannot conclude that the film affected beverage consumption because

Accepted Answer

A)  the placebo effect was not considered. 
B)  only a correlation can establish causation. 
C)  no correlation was computed. 
D)  there was no control group. 
A)  the placebo effect was not considered. 
B)  only a correlation can establish causation. 
C)  no correlation was computed. 
D)  there was no control group.

Question 13

The cognitive view of psychology takes a computer-like view of how the brain functions and explains behavior in terms of information processing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Actively thinking about what you have just experienced describes experiential processing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In order for covert behaviors to be observed and studied scientifically, they must be __________ defined.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In order for covert behaviors to be...

Question 16

We wish to test the hypothesis that music improves learning. We compare test scores of students who study to music with those who study in silence. Which of the following is an extraneous variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence or absence of music 
B)  the students' test scores 
C)  the amount of time allowed for studying 
D)  silence 
A)  the presence or absence of music 
B)  the students' test scores 
C)  the amount of time allowed for studying 
D)  silence

Question 17

Incredible but false stories posted on the Internet, such as "The Health Department in Oregon Looking for Someone Fluent in the Fictional Language of Klingon," illustrates the need for readers to always

Accepted Answer

A)  critically evaluate sources. 
B)  be wary of overly complex explanations. 
C)  remember that truth is often stranger than fiction. 
D)  consider that numerous postings of information on the Internet are required to establish proof. 
A)  critically evaluate sources. 
B)  be wary of overly complex explanations. 
C)  remember that truth is often stranger than fiction. 
D)  consider that numerous postings of information on the Internet are required to establish proof.

Question 18

In 2002, baseball pitcher Randy Johnson began wearing a particular metal-impregnated twisted rope necklace designed to "stabilize the electricity flow through the body." He claimed that it improved his pitching and his batting. One should question this claim because

Accepted Answer

A)  the wearing of the necklace and improvement in performance may have been coincidental. 
B)  people are good at determining what affects their performance. 
C)  he failed to distinguish observation from inference. 
D)  personal testimonials are a reliable way to evaluate explanations. 
A)  the wearing of the necklace and improvement in performance may have been coincidental. 
B)  people are good at determining what affects their performance. 
C)  he failed to distinguish observation from inference. 
D)  personal testimonials are a reliable way to evaluate explanations.

Question 19

A friend tells you that he conducted a scientific experiment this summer in which he talked to ten plants and measured their growth. He found that these plants grew faster and taller than any plants he had ever grown. From your friend's research, can we conclude that talking to plants is the cause of their fast growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, because the scientific data was collected. 
B)  Yes, because a positive correlation would found between talking and plant growth. 
C)  No, because the placebo effect was not considered. 
D)  No, because there was no control group. 
A)  Yes, because the scientific data was collected. 
B)  Yes, because a positive correlation would found between talking and plant growth. 
C)  No, because the placebo effect was not considered. 
D)  No, because there was no control group.

Question 20

As consumption of ice cream increases during the year, so does the number of aggravated assaults. A politician advocates that ice cream be banned so that the crime rate will go down. Besides needing to be voted out of office, this politician needs to understand

Accepted Answer

A)  the dangers of a single example. 
B)  the difference between observation and inference. 
C)  the difference between correlation and causation. 
D)  that the Barnum effect occurs only in ten-year cycles. 
A)  the dangers of a single example. 
B)  the difference between observation and inference. 
C)  the difference between correlation and causation. 
D)  that the Barnum effect occurs only in ten-year cycles.

Which of the following is NOT one of the six elements of the scientific method?

Students who are reflective learners set goals that are

One of the reasons to study psychology is to

According to your textbook, people who avoid distractions and skillfully gather ideas are referred to as analytical listeners.

Regarding ethics in research, which of the following statements is TRUE?

As a child grows in height from infancy to preschool, his or her vocabulary also increases. This is a positive correlation. Explain why this correlation does not show causation but does allow one to predict either event.

Inferences, interpretations, and opinions, including the opinions of experts, have no value in science or critical thinking.

You spent an evening watching television. The next day a friend asks what you watched on TV last night, and you cannot remember. You were engaging in __________ processing.

A theater reported that their highest beverage sales this year occurred during showings of The Great African Desert . However, we cannot conclude that the film affected beverage consumption because

The cognitive view of psychology takes a computer-like view of how the brain functions and explains behavior in terms of information processing.

Actively thinking about what you have just experienced describes experiential processing.

In order for covert behaviors to be observed and studied scientifically, they must be __________ defined.

We wish to test the hypothesis that music improves learning. We compare test scores of students who study to music with those who study in silence. Which of the following is an extraneous variable in this experiment?

Incredible but false stories posted on the Internet, such as "The Health Department in Oregon Looking for Someone Fluent in the Fictional Language of Klingon," illustrates the need for readers to always

In 2002, baseball pitcher Randy Johnson began wearing a particular metal-impregnated twisted rope necklace designed to "stabilize the electricity flow through the body." He claimed that it improved his pitching and his batting. One should question this claim because

As consumption of ice cream increases during the year, so does the number of aggravated assaults. A politician advocates that ice cream be banned so that the crime rate will go down. Besides needing to be voted out of office, this politician needs to understand

Brain and Behavior

Human Development

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Conditioning and Learning

Memory

Cognition and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Human Sexuality

Personality

Health Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Herapies

Social Psychology

Applied Psychology

Filters

Exam 1: Introducing Psychology

Which of the following is NOT one of the six elements of the scientific method?

Students who are reflective learners set goals that are

One of the reasons to study psychology is to

According to your textbook, people who avoid distractions and skillfully gather ideas are referred to as analytical listeners.

Regarding ethics in research, which of the following statements is TRUE?

As a child grows in height from infancy to preschool, his or her vocabulary also increases. This is a positive correlation. Explain why this correlation does not show causation but does allow one to predict either event.

Inferences, interpretations, and opinions, including the opinions of experts, have no value in science or critical thinking.

You spent an evening watching television. The next day a friend asks what you watched on TV last night, and you cannot remember. You were engaging in __________ processing.

A theater reported that their highest beverage sales this year occurred during showings of The Great African Desert . However, we cannot conclude that the film affected beverage consumption because

The cognitive view of psychology takes a computer-like view of how the brain functions and explains behavior in terms of information processing.

Actively thinking about what you have just experienced describes experiential processing.

In order for covert behaviors to be observed and studied scientifically, they must be __________ defined.

We wish to test the hypothesis that music improves learning. We compare test scores of students who study to music with those who study in silence. Which of the following is an extraneous variable in this experiment?

Incredible but false stories posted on the Internet, such as "The Health Department in Oregon Looking for Someone Fluent in the Fictional Language of Klingon," illustrates the need for readers to always

In 2002, baseball pitcher Randy Johnson began wearing a particular metal-impregnated twisted rope necklace designed to "stabilize the electricity flow through the body." He claimed that it improved his pitching and his batting. One should question this claim because

As consumption of ice cream increases during the year, so does the number of aggravated assaults. A politician advocates that ice cream be banned so that the crime rate will go down. Besides needing to be voted out of office, this politician needs to understand

Brain and Behavior

Human Development

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Conditioning and Learning

Memory

Cognition and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Human Sexuality

Personality

Health Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Herapies

Social Psychology

Applied Psychology

Filters