Question 1

Which of the following is true about the FTO gene and obesity?

Accepted Answer

A)  People with the FTO gene will be obese 
B)  Scientists know exactly how the FTO gene leads to obesity 
C)  Individuals with a specific variant of the FTO gene are a little over 1.5 times as likely to be obese 
D)  All of these are true 
A)  People with the FTO gene will be obese 
B)  Scientists know exactly how the FTO gene leads to obesity 
C)  Individuals with a specific variant of the FTO gene are a little over 1.5 times as likely to be obese 
D)  All of these are true

Question 2

Phospholipases break down fats by

Accepted Answer

A)  adding a phosphate group to them. 
B)  reducing the double bonds to single bonds. 
C)  hydrolyzing them. 
D)  removing acetyl-CoA units. 
E)  none of these 
A)  adding a phosphate group to them. 
B)  reducing the double bonds to single bonds. 
C)  hydrolyzing them. 
D)  removing acetyl-CoA units. 
E)  none of these

Question 3

The unsaturated fatty acids that are intermediates in the β -oxidation cycle have what orientation around the double bond?

Accepted Answer

A)  the cis orientation 
B)  the trans orientation 
C)  can have either orientation 
D)  the orientation is not known 
A)  the cis orientation 
B)  the trans orientation 
C)  can have either orientation 
D)  the orientation is not known

Question 4

Explain the involvement of leptin in the long-term control of eating behavior.

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a protein hormone that stimula

Question 5

Biosynthesis of compound lipids typically takes place

Accepted Answer

A)  in the mitochondrial matrix 
B)  in the cytosol 
C)  on the endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  in the Golgi apparatus 
E)  none of these 
A)  in the mitochondrial matrix 
B)  in the cytosol 
C)  on the endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  in the Golgi apparatus 
E)  none of these

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a short term regulator of appetite?

Accepted Answer

A)  ghrelin 
B)  Cholecystokinin 
C)  leptin 
D)  all of these are short term regulators 
A)  ghrelin 
B)  Cholecystokinin 
C)  leptin 
D)  all of these are short term regulators

Question 7

The human lipoproteins with the lowest density are

Accepted Answer

A)  Chylomicrons. 
B)  HDL. 
C)  IDL. 
D)  LDL. 
E)  VLDL. 
A)  Chylomicrons. 
B)  HDL. 
C)  IDL. 
D)  LDL. 
E)  VLDL.

Question 8

How many ATPs can be netted from the complete oxidation of palmitate (C16) to CO2 & H2O?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATPs ≤ 40 
B)  40 ≤ 80 
C)  80 ≤ 120 
D)  1200 
A)  ATPs ≤ 40 
B)  40 ≤ 80 
C)  80 ≤ 120 
D)  1200

Question 9

Synthesis of fatty acids involves simple reversal of the β -oxidation cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The addition of two-carbon units to a growing fatty acid chain is directly driven by

Accepted Answer

A)  reduction of NADP+ 
B)  oxidation of NADPH 
C)  decarboxylation of malonyl-CoA 
D)  hydrolysis of ATP 
A)  reduction of NADP+ 
B)  oxidation of NADPH 
C)  decarboxylation of malonyl-CoA 
D)  hydrolysis of ATP

Question 11

A key intermediate in the catabolism of fatty acids with uneven numbers of carbon atoms is

Accepted Answer

A)  malonyl-CoA 
B)  propionyl-CoA 
C)  oxaloacetate 
D)  phosphoenolpyruvate 
A)  malonyl-CoA 
B)  propionyl-CoA 
C)  oxaloacetate 
D)  phosphoenolpyruvate

Question 12

Which group of small molecules best fit the boxes associated with the reaction shown?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Question 13

​ _____ hydrolyzes phospholipids at the surface of micelles.

Accepted Answer

A)  PhospholipaseA1 
B)  Phospholipase D 
C)  Phospholipase A2 
D)  Phospholipase B 
A)  PhospholipaseA1 
B)  Phospholipase D 
C)  Phospholipase A2 
D)  Phospholipase B

Question 14

Carnitine acyltransferase is located in the mitochondrial

Accepted Answer

A)  intermembrane space. 
B)  outer membrane. 
C)  inner membrane. 
D)  matrix. 
A)  intermembrane space. 
B)  outer membrane. 
C)  inner membrane. 
D)  matrix.

Question 15

Isoprenoid derivatives play what role in steroid biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibit a key step 
B)  are key intermediates 
C)  compete with steroid biosynthesis for a limited precursor 
D)  its role is unknown 
A)  inhibit a key step 
B)  are key intermediates 
C)  compete with steroid biosynthesis for a limited precursor 
D)  its role is unknown

Question 16

Which of the following is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  One advantage of the β -oxidation of fats compared to oxidation of sugars is that fatty acids produce more metabolic water . 
B)  The oxidation of fats produces more energy per carbon than the oxidation of carbohydrates 
C)  Fat yields more energy than carbohydrates because it is more oxidized 
D)  For every cycle of oxidation of a fatty acid, one NADH and one FADH2 are produced 
A)  One advantage of the β -oxidation of fats compared to oxidation of sugars is that fatty acids produce more metabolic water . 
B)  The oxidation of fats produces more energy per carbon than the oxidation of carbohydrates 
C)  Fat yields more energy than carbohydrates because it is more oxidized 
D)  For every cycle of oxidation of a fatty acid, one NADH and one FADH2 are produced

Question 17

Fatty acid synthase binds growing fatty acids

Accepted Answer

A)  by an ester linkage to a side chain of serine. 
B)  by a thioester linkage to a side chain of cysteines. 
C)  as a Schiff base to a side chain of lysine. 
D)  by a thioester linkage to a phosphopantetheine linked to a serine. 
A)  by an ester linkage to a side chain of serine. 
B)  by a thioester linkage to a side chain of cysteines. 
C)  as a Schiff base to a side chain of lysine. 
D)  by a thioester linkage to a phosphopantetheine linked to a serine.

Question 18

The oxidation of an unsaturated fatty acid leads to the production of fewer ATPs than a saturated fatty acid with the same number of carbons because ____

Accepted Answer

A)  the oxidation of the fatty acid stops when it reaches the double bond 
B)  unsaturated fatty acids cannot be metabolized 
C)  the double bond results in the bypassing of the first oxidation step of the pathway, thereby eliminating one FADH product 
D)  none of these 
A)  the oxidation of the fatty acid stops when it reaches the double bond 
B)  unsaturated fatty acids cannot be metabolized 
C)  the double bond results in the bypassing of the first oxidation step of the pathway, thereby eliminating one FADH product 
D)  none of these

Question 19

How many cycles of β -oxidation are required to convert stearic acid (18 carbons) to 9 acetyl-CoAs?

Accepted Answer

A)  6 
B)  8 
C)  9 
D)  18 
E)  none of these 
A)  6 
B)  8 
C)  9 
D)  18 
E)  none of these

Question 20

Obesity can lead to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  diabetes 
B)  heart attack 
C)  stroke 
D)  some forms of cancer 
E)  all of these 
A)  diabetes 
B)  heart attack 
C)  stroke 
D)  some forms of cancer 
E)  all of these

Exam 21: Lipid Metabolism

Which of the following is true about the FTO gene and obesity?

Phospholipases break down fats by

The unsaturated fatty acids that are intermediates in the β -oxidation cycle have what orientation around the double bond?

Explain the involvement of leptin in the long-term control of eating behavior.

Biosynthesis of compound lipids typically takes place

Which of the following is NOT a short term regulator of appetite?

The human lipoproteins with the lowest density are

How many ATPs can be netted from the complete oxidation of palmitate (C16) to CO2 & H2O?

Synthesis of fatty acids involves simple reversal of the β -oxidation cycle.

The addition of two-carbon units to a growing fatty acid chain is directly driven by

A key intermediate in the catabolism of fatty acids with uneven numbers of carbon atoms is

Which group of small molecules best fit the boxes associated with the reaction shown?

​ _____ hydrolyzes phospholipids at the surface of micelles.

Carnitine acyltransferase is located in the mitochondrial

Isoprenoid derivatives play what role in steroid biosynthesis?

Which of the following is not true?

Fatty acid synthase binds growing fatty acids

The oxidation of an unsaturated fatty acid leads to the production of fewer ATPs than a saturated fatty acid with the same number of carbons because ____

How many cycles of β -oxidation are required to convert stearic acid (18 carbons) to 9 acetyl-CoAs?

Obesity can lead to which of the following?

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water the Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins Enzymes Mechanisms and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids How Structure Conveys Information

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids Replication

Transcription of the Genetic Code the Biosynthesis of Rna

Protein Synthesis Translation of the Genetic Message

Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

Viruses Cancer and Immunology

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Integration of Metabolism Cellular Signaling

Filters

How many ATPs can be netted from the complete oxidation of palmitate (C₁₆) to CO₂ & H₂O?

_____ hydrolyzes phospholipids at the surface of micelles.