Exam 3: The Criminal Justice System

Explain how plea bargaining is an exchange within the criminal justice system.

Differential treatment based on race is called ____________________.

Which layer of the criminal justice "wedding cake" consists of misdemeanors?

Defendants who win appeals typically go free.

Ly'ana is an FBI agent who has recently been called to a local police department to assist in investigating a theft of approximately $50,000.  Ly'ana assisted the local department in solving the particular case and is preparing to go to court when the prosecutor determines that the defense attorney has offered a plea bargain.  The defendant admits guilt and is willing to serve 18 months in prison. Ly'ana represents the federal law enforcement role.  Which act, passed by Congress, allows Ly'ana to assist the local police department in the theft investigation?

Criminal justice in the United States is highly decentralized.

Relatively few offenders break federal criminal laws compared to the large numbers who break state criminal laws.

When the U.S. Constitution was ratified in 1788-1789, it contained few references to criminal justice.

If an official acts according to his or her own judgment in the criminal justice system, this is called ____________________.

A(n)_________ is returned by a grand jury as a true bill charging an individual with a specific crime on the basis of a determination of probable cause.

The person who is the "key link between the police and the courts" because s/he considers the facts of the case and decides whether there is probable cause to believe an offense was committed is the

______ and parole have long been important aspects of corrections, as have community-based halfway houses, work release programs, and supervised activities.

When we say that crime in American is "intra-racial," we mean that

Ethan was arrested for public drunkenness and lewd and lascivious behavior after attending his close friend's bachelor party.  This is his first encounter with the criminal justice system.  He works as a project manager with a local construction company. Ethan has been involved with his girlfriend for 3 years.  His attorney reached an agreement with the prosecutor to reduce his sentence to probation. Ethan's attorney and the prosecutor were able to work out an agreement on the expectation of a guilty plea.  This agreement is also known as a

The authority to make decisions without reference to specific rules or facts, using instead one's own judgment is referred to as

The few celebrated cases are at Layer ____________________ of the criminal justice "wedding cake."

Imagine you are a legislator in your home state. What policy might you suggest for reducing racism in the criminal justice system?

Discuss the different responsibilities of federal and state criminal justice operations.

Explain Cole and Smith's use of the concepts of system and exchange to describe the criminal justice system. Is this a useful way to view criminal justice? Why or why not?

When a person is physically taken into custody, this is called a(n)