Exam 3: The Criminal Justice System

According to Cole and Smith, deterrence a nd i ncreasing use of technology is assoc iated with which goal of the criminal justice system?

Which of the following is not a characteristic of practitioners in the criminal justice system?

Federal sentencing guidelines punish users of crack cocaine about 100 times more harshly than users of powder cocaine. This fact reflects which of the textbook's explanations for racial disparities?

Compared to whites, African Americans and Hispanics are drawn into the criminal justice system at a

Which layer of the criminal justice "wedding cake" involves celebrated cases resulting in a jury trial that are highly unusual with great public attention?

Doing justice is not a goal of criminal justice.

A "true bill" coming from a grand jury and charging a suspect with a specific crime is called a(n)

Most crime in America is ____________________-racial.

At all levels of the justice process, there is a high degree of discretion employed by decision makers.

Explain why discretion is such an important component of the criminal justice system.  Could the American criminal justice system exist without discretion?  Why or why not?

Which layer of the criminal justice system  consists of lesser felonies which are considered less important than more serious felonies?

There is no evidence of racism in the way society asks the criminal justice system to operate.

Celebrated cases that are highly scrutinized, have jury trials and the lengthy detailed appeals are typically found at Layer 1 of the criminal justice wedding cake. .

Criminal justice is a system of parts-police, courts, corrections-that do not affect each other.

If a person is taken into custody, this is called a(n)____________________.

Explain the layers of the criminal justice "wedding cake."

Explain why African American men have a difficult time in the criminal justice system.

Cole and Smith provide three explanations for why minorities are subjected to the criminal justice system at much higher rates than the white majority. Briefly summarize one of these three explanations and discuss its strengths and weaknesses.

The inequality of treatment of one group by the criminal justice system, compared with the treatment accorded other groups, is called

Most criminal laws are written by state legislatures and enforced by state agencies.