Question 1

Which of the following poisons results in decreasing the ability of hemoglobin to carry oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A) mercury 
B) carbon monoxide 
C) sodium chloride 
D) sodium hydroxide 
A) mercury 
B) carbon monoxide 
C) sodium chloride 
D) sodium hydroxide

Question 2

Only synthetic chemicals have been found to be carcinogenic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Cadmium poisons by

Accepted Answer

A) promoting loss of calcium from bone. 
B) deactivating enzymes. 
C) hydrolyzing proteins. 
D) destroying cell membranes. 
A) promoting loss of calcium from bone. 
B) deactivating enzymes. 
C) hydrolyzing proteins. 
D) destroying cell membranes.

Question 4

The organ most used for the detoxification of poisons in the human body is the

Accepted Answer

A) liver. 
B) gall bladder. 
C) small intestine. 
D) mouth. 
A) liver. 
B) gall bladder. 
C) small intestine. 
D) mouth.

Question 5

A well-known teratogen is

Accepted Answer

A) thalidomide. 
B) coniine. 
C) BAL. 
D) arsenic. 
A) thalidomide. 
B) coniine. 
C) BAL. 
D) arsenic.

Question 6

Which of the following will make the most effective poison for rats and mice?

Accepted Answer

A) ethyl alcohol, LD₅₀ = 2.08 g/kg 
B) acetaminophen, LD₅₀ = 0.340 g/kg 
C) ethylene glycol, LD₅₀ = 0.00686 g/kg 
D) ricin, LD₅₀ = 0.000005 mg/kg 
A) ethyl alcohol, LD₅₀ = 2.08 g/kg 
B) acetaminophen, LD₅₀ = 0.340 g/kg 
C) ethylene glycol, LD₅₀ = 0.00686 g/kg 
D) ricin, LD₅₀ = 0.000005 mg/kg

Question 7

The best way to handle hazardous wastes is

Accepted Answer

A) to bury them. 
B) to incinerate them. 
C) to chemically modify them. 
D) to avoid producing them. 
A) to bury them. 
B) to incinerate them. 
C) to chemically modify them. 
D) to avoid producing them.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the role of liver enzymes is most correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Liver enzymes always change potential toxins to substances that can be easily excreted from the body. 
B) Liver enzymes may change an inert compound to a more reactive and harmful molecule. 
C) Liver enzymes can help the body to bring the four humors (blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bile)back into a healthy balance. 
D) Liver enzymes always convert potential toxins to substances that contain free radicals. 
A) Liver enzymes always change potential toxins to substances that can be easily excreted from the body. 
B) Liver enzymes may change an inert compound to a more reactive and harmful molecule. 
C) Liver enzymes can help the body to bring the four humors (blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bile)back into a healthy balance. 
D) Liver enzymes always convert potential toxins to substances that contain free radicals.

Question 9

Many household cleaners contain strong acids or bases.Drain cleaners,oven cleaners and toilet bowl cleaners are all

Accepted Answer

A) metabolic poisons. 
B) corrosive poisons. 
C) mutagenic poisons. 
D) carcinogenic poisons. 
A) metabolic poisons. 
B) corrosive poisons. 
C) mutagenic poisons. 
D) carcinogenic poisons.

Question 10

Which of these is considered to be a heavy metal?

Accepted Answer

A) Se 
B) Li 
C) Cd 
D) I 
A) Se 
B) Li 
C) Cd 
D) I

Question 11

The Ames test is used to screen for

Accepted Answer

A) all potential poisons. 
B) heavy metal poisons. 
C) mutagens. 
D) carcinogens. 
A) all potential poisons. 
B) heavy metal poisons. 
C) mutagens. 
D) carcinogens.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT an air pollutant that can damage living cells?

Accepted Answer

A) cysteine 
B) ozone 
C) peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) 
D) sulfur dioxide 
A) cysteine 
B) ozone 
C) peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) 
D) sulfur dioxide

Question 13

Arsenic compounds are poisons because they

Accepted Answer

A) deactivate enzymes. 
B) catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins. 
C) are reducing agents. 
D) deplete calcium from the bones. 
A) deactivate enzymes. 
B) catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins. 
C) are reducing agents. 
D) deplete calcium from the bones.

Question 14

Organic phosphorus insecticides are nerve poisons that work by binding to acetylcholinesterase and blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following shows great promise as a vertebrate system that will allow automated and rapid testing of compounds?

Accepted Answer

A) embryonic rat cells 
B) Drosophila melanogaster cells 
C) embryonic zebrafish 
D) plant cells 
A) embryonic rat cells 
B) Drosophila melanogaster cells 
C) embryonic zebrafish 
D) plant cells

Question 16

Botulin,the most deadly poison known,is

Accepted Answer

A) organophosphorus pesticide. 
B) a nerve gas for chemical warfare. 
C) formed in improperly canned food by anaerobic bacteria. 
D) a chlorinated hydrocarbon. 
A) organophosphorus pesticide. 
B) a nerve gas for chemical warfare. 
C) formed in improperly canned food by anaerobic bacteria. 
D) a chlorinated hydrocarbon.

Question 17

The study of the behavior of a specific population and cancer incidence is an example of ________ testing for carcinogenic activity.

Accepted Answer

A) Ames 
B) animal 
C) epidemiological 
D) human 
A) Ames 
B) animal 
C) epidemiological 
D) human

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT used to gather evidence about whether a compound causes cancer in humans?

Accepted Answer

A) bacterial screening for mutagenesis (the Ames test) 
B) animal tests 
C) measurement of birth defects 
D) epidemiological studies 
A) bacterial screening for mutagenesis (the Ames test) 
B) animal tests 
C) measurement of birth defects 
D) epidemiological studies

Question 19

Curare,the blow dart poison of Amazonian Indians,disrupts the acetylcholine cycle by blocking

Accepted Answer

A) receptors. 
B) the release of acetylcholine. 
C) the breakdown of acetylcholine. 
D) the formation of acetylcholine. 
A) receptors. 
B) the release of acetylcholine. 
C) the breakdown of acetylcholine. 
D) the formation of acetylcholine.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about LD₅₀ is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

A) The LD₅₀ for a substance is the dose that will kill 50% of test subjects. 
B) A substance with a low LD₅₀ is more toxic than a substance with a high LD₅₀. 
C) The LD₅₀ value for a mouse will be the same as the LD₅₀ value for a human. 
D) The LD₅₀ value will change, depending upon how the substance is administered. 
A) The LD₅₀ for a substance is the dose that will kill 50% of test subjects. 
B) A substance with a low LD₅₀ is more toxic than a substance with a high LD₅₀. 
C) The LD₅₀ value for a mouse will be the same as the LD₅₀ value for a human. 
D) The LD₅₀ value will change, depending upon how the substance is administered.

Exam 22: Poisons

Which of the following poisons results in decreasing the ability of hemoglobin to carry oxygen?

Only synthetic chemicals have been found to be carcinogenic.

Cadmium poisons by

The organ most used for the detoxification of poisons in the human body is the

A well-known teratogen is

Which of the following will make the most effective poison for rats and mice?

The best way to handle hazardous wastes is

Which of the following statements about the role of liver enzymes is most correct?

Many household cleaners contain strong acids or bases.Drain cleaners,oven cleaners and toilet bowl cleaners are all

Which of these is considered to be a heavy metal?

The Ames test is used to screen for

Which of the following is NOT an air pollutant that can damage living cells?

Arsenic compounds are poisons because they

Organic phosphorus insecticides are nerve poisons that work by binding to acetylcholinesterase and blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine.

Which of the following shows great promise as a vertebrate system that will allow automated and rapid testing of compounds?

Botulin,the most deadly poison known,is

The study of the behavior of a specific population and cancer incidence is an example of ________ testing for carcinogenic activity.

Which of the following is NOT used to gather evidence about whether a compound causes cancer in humans?

Curare,the blow dart poison of Amazonian Indians,disrupts the acetylcholine cycle by blocking

Which of the following statements about LD₅₀ is NOT correct?

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