Exam 5: Atmospheric Pressure, Winds, and Circulation Patterns

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At or near the surface, where winds encounter obstacles such as trees, building, topography, and slower moving layers of air, _______________ reduces the wind speed. ​

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Why are precipitation and cloud associated with low pressure systems, and clear conditions associated with high pressure systems? ​

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El Niño conditions are characterized by ____. ​

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The westerlies and the trade winds both have their origin in the ____. ​

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Air that moves in response to atmospheric pressure differences is called _______________. ​

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The phenomenon of monsoon winds and their seasonal shifting can be fully explained by the differential heating of land and water. ​

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Explain the causes of land breezes versus sea breezes.

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When cold, dense air accumulates in a high valley, plateau, or snowfield within a mountains area, and flows strongly down slopes to pour out onto the land below, these winds are called ____. ​

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Air pressure differences from one place to another can have thermal and ____ causes. ​

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The monsoon winds in summer ____. ​

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The subtropical high pressure regions, generally located between latitudes 25° and 35° N and S, are belts of variable or calm winds called the "horse latitudes". ​

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An elongated belt of low pressure is referred to as a(n)____. ​

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The seesaw pattern of atmospheric pressure between the eastern and western Pacific Ocean is called the _______________ Oscillation. ​

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The broad circulatory patterns of the major surface ocean currents are called ____. ​

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In an anticyclone, the winds _______________ at the surface. ​

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El Niño is a time of ____. ​

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Earth's system of winds and pressure cells is a response to the differential heating of Earth's regions by insolation. ​

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From time to time, the upper air westerlies and the associated polar jet stream develop meanders called long waves or _______________ waves. ​

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The instrument used to measure atmospheric pressureis called a(n)_______________.

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One reason land masses affect the development of belts of atmospheric pressure is because ____. ​

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