Question 1

Discuss the consequences of protein deficiency.

Accepted Answer

When diets lack sufficient protein from food or sufficient amounts of any of the essential amino acids, symptoms of malnutrition become evident. In protein deficiency, when the diet supplies too little protein or lacks a specific essential amino acid relative to the others (a limiting amino acid), the body slows its synthesis of proteins while increasing its breakdown of body tissue protein to liberate the amino acids it needs to build other proteins of critical importance. Without these critical proteins to perform their roles, many of the body's life-sustaining activities would come to a halt. The most recognizable consequences of protein deficiency include slow growth in children, impaired brain and kidney functions, weakened immune defenses, and impaired nutrient absorption from the digestive tract.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true of essential amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A) These amino acids are produced in excess within the body. 
B) Alanine and cysteine are examples of essential amino acids. 
C) These amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body. 
D) These amino acids do not contain a side chain attached to the backbone. 
E) Their recycling is different from that of nonessential amino acids. 
A) These amino acids are produced in excess within the body. 
B) Alanine and cysteine are examples of essential amino acids. 
C) These amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body. 
D) These amino acids do not contain a side chain attached to the backbone. 
E) Their recycling is different from that of nonessential amino acids. C

Question 3

Which of the following food categories contributes an abundance of high-quality protein?

Accepted Answer

A) Vegetables and fruits 
B) Legumes 
C) Breads 
D) Grains 
E) Milk and meat 
A) Vegetables and fruits 
B) Legumes 
C) Breads 
D) Grains 
E) Milk and meat E

Question 4

When considering the digestion and absorption of proteins, it is important to know that:

Accepted Answer

A) proteins are broken down into individual amino acids and absorbed by all intestinal cell absorption sites at an equal rate 
B) dipeptide and tripeptide molecules must be completely broken down into amino acids to be absorbed into the bloodstream from the intestine 
C) cells of the small intestine absorb different types of amino acids at separate absorption sites, which causes competition between similar amino acids at these absorption sites 
D) amino acids need a carrier in the bloodstream because they do not transport very well alone 
E) protein digestion and absorption require simultaneous ingestion of some form of carbohydrate 
A) proteins are broken down into individual amino acids and absorbed by all intestinal cell absorption sites at an equal rate 
B) dipeptide and tripeptide molecules must be completely broken down into amino acids to be absorbed into the bloodstream from the intestine 
C) cells of the small intestine absorb different types of amino acids at separate absorption sites, which causes competition between similar amino acids at these absorption sites 
D) amino acids need a carrier in the bloodstream because they do not transport very well alone 
E) protein digestion and absorption require simultaneous ingestion of some form of carbohydrate

Question 5

Which of the following is a result of a dietary protein deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A) Conversion of fat into amino acids 
B) Increased bowel movement 
C) Impaired kidney function 
D) Fluid accumulation in the brain 
E) Increased acid in the blood 
A) Conversion of fat into amino acids 
B) Increased bowel movement 
C) Impaired kidney function 
D) Fluid accumulation in the brain 
E) Increased acid in the blood

Question 6

Tim, who lost a significant amount of weight during an illness, is thinking about taking amino acid supplements to help him regain muscle mass. What advice would you give him?

Accepted Answer

A) Take amino acid supplements as they are an excellent way to provide energy to rebuild muscles. 
B) Take amino acid supplements because they are easier to digest than whole foods. 
C) During recovery, consume extra carbohydrate, but not extra protein. 
D) Exercise regularly to promote muscle regain. 
E) Consume whole protein as it is better handled by the digestive system and will promote recovery. 
A) Take amino acid supplements as they are an excellent way to provide energy to rebuild muscles. 
B) Take amino acid supplements because they are easier to digest than whole foods. 
C) During recovery, consume extra carbohydrate, but not extra protein. 
D) Exercise regularly to promote muscle regain. 
E) Consume whole protein as it is better handled by the digestive system and will promote recovery.

Question 7

If tyrosine becomes a conditionally essential amino acid in the body, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Phenylalanine is produced using tyrosine and should be supplied in adequate quantities. 
B) Tyrosine should be taken in through the diet as the body is unable to produce it. 
C) The excess absorption of phenylalanine prevents the absorption of tyrosine by the body. 
D) Tyrosine is produced in excess by the body, and its intake through the diet should be limited. 
E) Tyrosine is not required by the body for the synthesis of other essential amino acids. 
A) Phenylalanine is produced using tyrosine and should be supplied in adequate quantities. 
B) Tyrosine should be taken in through the diet as the body is unable to produce it. 
C) The excess absorption of phenylalanine prevents the absorption of tyrosine by the body. 
D) Tyrosine is produced in excess by the body, and its intake through the diet should be limited. 
E) Tyrosine is not required by the body for the synthesis of other essential amino acids.

Question 8

Cells will do all of the following to create their own working proteins from available amino acids except :

Accepted Answer

A) synthesize nonessential amino acids that are missing for the protein that is being made 
B) obtain amino acids that are available in the cell's amino acid pool 
C) slow down protein synthesis until enough of the limiting amino acid is available again 
D) hold partially completed proteins until the diet provides the missing amino acids 
E) break down their internal proteins to liberate the needed amino acids 
A) synthesize nonessential amino acids that are missing for the protein that is being made 
B) obtain amino acids that are available in the cell's amino acid pool 
C) slow down protein synthesis until enough of the limiting amino acid is available again 
D) hold partially completed proteins until the diet provides the missing amino acids 
E) break down their internal proteins to liberate the needed amino acids

Question 9

How much protein does a woman who weighs 61 kilograms require every day?

Accepted Answer

A) 49 grams 
B) 56 grams 
C) 86 grams 
D) 110 grams 
E) 135 grams 
A) 49 grams 
B) 56 grams 
C) 86 grams 
D) 110 grams 
E) 135 grams

Question 10

In a protein, a(n)_____ bond is formed between the amine group end of one amino acid and the acid group end of the next amino acid.

Accepted Answer

A) peptide 
B) hydrogen 
C) metallic 
D) ionic 
E) phosphate 
A) peptide 
B) hydrogen 
C) metallic 
D) ionic 
E) phosphate

Question 11

Individuals suffering from a kidney disease should not consume excessive proteins as this can hastens the kidneys' decline.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Compared to meat eaters, vegetarians tend to have:

Accepted Answer

A) higher death rates from heart disease 
B) lower intakes of phytochemicals 
C) higher blood pressure 
D) lower intakes of nuts and fruits 
E) healthier body weight 
A) higher death rates from heart disease 
B) lower intakes of phytochemicals 
C) higher blood pressure 
D) lower intakes of nuts and fruits 
E) healthier body weight

Question 13

Which of the following is a nonessential amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A) Methionine 
B) Valine 
C) Leucine 
D) Histidine 
E) Serine 
A) Methionine 
B) Valine 
C) Leucine 
D) Histidine 
E) Serine

Question 14

Predigested proteins are easy to digest and can relieve the digestive system from overworking.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following is not associated with an excess intake of protein?

Accepted Answer

A) Enlarged livers in humans 
B) Enlarged kidneys in animals 
C) Worsening of existing kidney problems 
D) Weight gain with animal meat consumption 
E) Increased risk of heart disease 
A) Enlarged livers in humans 
B) Enlarged kidneys in animals 
C) Worsening of existing kidney problems 
D) Weight gain with animal meat consumption 
E) Increased risk of heart disease

Question 16

Which of the following is abundantly found in animal proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) Vitamin B  12  
B) Thyroxine 
C) Vitamin P 
D) Vitamin C 
E) Serotonin 
A) Vitamin B  12  
B) Thyroxine 
C) Vitamin P 
D) Vitamin C 
E) Serotonin

Question 17

Which of the following foods provides amino acids that are most easily digested and absorbed by the body?

Accepted Answer

A) Poultry 
B) Vegetables 
C) Fruits 
D) Legumes 
E) Grains 
A) Poultry 
B) Vegetables 
C) Fruits 
D) Legumes 
E) Grains

Question 18

Which of the following food sources can vegans use to obtain the required quantity of omega-3-fatty acids in their diets?

Accepted Answer

A) Mushrooms 
B) Bok choy 
C) Whole grains 
D) Flaxseed 
E) Milk 
A) Mushrooms 
B) Bok choy 
C) Whole grains 
D) Flaxseed 
E) Milk

Question 19

If amino acids are oversupplied, _____.

Accepted Answer

A) muscle tissue formation is accelerated 
B) the body converts amino acid residues to extra blood proteins 
C) they are filtered from the blood and stored in the liver 
D) the body removes and excretes their amine groups 
E) the excess amino acids leak through the tissues and cause edema 
A) muscle tissue formation is accelerated 
B) the body converts amino acid residues to extra blood proteins 
C) they are filtered from the blood and stored in the liver 
D) the body removes and excretes their amine groups 
E) the excess amino acids leak through the tissues and cause edema

Question 20

Proteins attract water and hold it within blood vessels, preventing it from freely flowing into the spaces between the cells. This is an example of how protein is used for:

Accepted Answer

A) building enzymes, hormones, and other compounds 
B) supporting the growth and development of different cells 
C) maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance 
D) transporting various substances around the body 
E) providing structure and movement to the teeth, skin, and bones 
A) building enzymes, hormones, and other compounds 
B) supporting the growth and development of different cells 
C) maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance 
D) transporting various substances around the body 
E) providing structure and movement to the teeth, skin, and bones

Discuss the consequences of protein deficiency.

Which of the following statements is true of essential amino acids?

Which of the following food categories contributes an abundance of high-quality protein?

When considering the digestion and absorption of proteins, it is important to know that:

Which of the following is a result of a dietary protein deficiency?

Tim, who lost a significant amount of weight during an illness, is thinking about taking amino acid supplements to help him regain muscle mass. What advice would you give him?

If tyrosine becomes a conditionally essential amino acid in the body, which of the following statements is true?

Cells will do all of the following to create their own working proteins from available amino acids except :

How much protein does a woman who weighs 61 kilograms require every day?

In a protein, a(n)_____ bond is formed between the amine group end of one amino acid and the acid group end of the next amino acid.

Individuals suffering from a kidney disease should not consume excessive proteins as this can hastens the kidneys' decline.

Compared to meat eaters, vegetarians tend to have:

Which of the following is a nonessential amino acid?

Predigested proteins are easy to digest and can relieve the digestive system from overworking.

Which of the following is not associated with an excess intake of protein?

Which of the following is abundantly found in animal proteins?

Which of the following foods provides amino acids that are most easily digested and absorbed by the body?

Which of the following food sources can vegans use to obtain the required quantity of omega-3-fatty acids in their diets?

If amino acids are oversupplied, _____.

Proteins attract water and hold it within blood vessels, preventing it from freely flowing into the spaces between the cells. This is an example of how protein is used for:

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Exam 6: The Proteins and Amino Acids

Discuss the consequences of protein deficiency.

Which of the following statements is true of essential amino acids?

Which of the following food categories contributes an abundance of high-quality protein?

When considering the digestion and absorption of proteins, it is important to know that:

Which of the following is a result of a dietary protein deficiency?

Tim, who lost a significant amount of weight during an illness, is thinking about taking amino acid supplements to help him regain muscle mass. What advice would you give him?

If tyrosine becomes a conditionally essential amino acid in the body, which of the following statements is true?

Cells will do all of the following to create their own working proteins from available amino acids except :

How much protein does a woman who weighs 61 kilograms require every day?

In a protein, a(n)_____ bond is formed between the amine group end of one amino acid and the acid group end of the next amino acid.

Individuals suffering from a kidney disease should not consume excessive proteins as this can hastens the kidneys' decline.

Compared to meat eaters, vegetarians tend to have:

Which of the following is a nonessential amino acid?

Predigested proteins are easy to digest and can relieve the digestive system from overworking.

Which of the following is not associated with an excess intake of protein?

Which of the following is abundantly found in animal proteins?

Which of the following foods provides amino acids that are most easily digested and absorbed by the body?

Which of the following food sources can vegans use to obtain the required quantity of omega-3-fatty acids in their diets?

If amino acids are oversupplied, _____.

Proteins attract water and hold it within blood vessels, preventing it from freely flowing into the spaces between the cells. This is an example of how protein is used for:

Food Choices and Human Health

Nutrition Tools: Standards and Guidelines

The Remarkable Body

The Carbohydrates: Sugar, Starch, Glycogen, and Fiber

The Lipids: Fats, Oils, Phospholipids, and Sterols

The Vitamins

Water and Minerals

Energy Balance and Healthy Body Weight

Performance Nutrition

Nutrition and Chronic Diseases

Food Safety and Food Technology

Life Cycle Nutrition: Mother and Infant

Child, Teen, and Older Adult

Hunger and the Future of Food

Filters