Exam 19: Air Pollution

A country breeze blows ____.

The mixing layer is a ____.

A study conducted in St. Louis, Missouri, showed that precipitation amounts downwind from the city were ____ than ____.

Since the Clean Air Act of 1970, emissions of most pollutants have fallen off substantially, with _____ showing the greatest reduction.

The region of relatively unstable air that extends from the surface to the base of an inversion is referred to as the ____________________.

The ozone hole is found in the ____.

Provide a brief overview of when and why the Clean Air Act was enacted in the United States. Also, include a discussion of revisions to the Clean Air Act.

Since the ____________________ of 1970, emissions of most pollutants have fallen off substantially, with lead showing the greatest reduction, primarily due to the elimination of leaded gasoline.

Because of increased industrialization, by the 1850s London had become notorious for its "pea soup" fog, a thick mixture of ____________________.

The primary source for all pollutants is fuel combustion from stationary (fixed)sources.

Air pollution emitted from industrial areas, especially products of combustion, such as oxides of sulfur and nitrogen, can be carried many kilometers downwind. Sometimes these particles and gases slowly settle to the ground in the dry form of ____.

Wet deposition, when particles and gases are removed from the air during the formation of cloud particles and then carried to the ground in rain and snow, is better known as ____________________.

Describe why cities are generally warmer than surrounding rural areas.

An air quality index value of 35 on a particular day indicates ____ conditions.

Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)reacts with ____ in the atmosphere to form nitric acid (HNO₃).

The term ___________________ matter represents a group of solid particles and liquid droplets that are small enough to remain suspended in the air.

The formation of ____ begins when ultraviolet radiation (at wavelengths of about 0.31 micrometers and below)dissociates some of the ozone into molecular oxygen and atomic oxygen.

Strong winds tend to ____________________ the concentration of pollutants by spreading them apart as they move downstream.

O + H₂O ----> OH + OH In the above reaction, the OH is called a(n)____________________ because it contains an unpaired electron. ​

Identify and describe factors that contribute to the most severe episodes of air pollution.