Question 1

Which of the following cranial nerves innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye?

Accepted Answer

A)  optic 
B)  oculomotor 
C)  trochlear 
D)  trigeminal 
A)  optic 
B)  oculomotor 
C)  trochlear 
D)  trigeminal C

Question 2

Which of the following is the primary neurotransmitter of the sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  epinephrine 
B)  norepinephrine 
C)  acetylcholine 
D)  dopamine 
A)  epinephrine 
B)  norepinephrine 
C)  acetylcholine 
D)  dopamine C

Question 3

Which of the following amines is involved in the control of mood and anxiety?

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin 
B)  acetylcholine 
C)  dopamine 
D)  norepinephrine 
A)  serotonin 
B)  acetylcholine 
C)  dopamine 
D)  norepinephrine A

Question 4

What happens when an action potential reaches the neurons terminal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium channel blockers bind the outer axonal surface of the channel and prevent the flux of sodium. 
B)  The cell membrane is depolarized. 
C)  There is an increase in sodium permeability. 
D)  There is a release of chemical neurotransmitter through the presynaptic terminals. 
A)  Sodium channel blockers bind the outer axonal surface of the channel and prevent the flux of sodium. 
B)  The cell membrane is depolarized. 
C)  There is an increase in sodium permeability. 
D)  There is a release of chemical neurotransmitter through the presynaptic terminals.

Question 5

What part of the cerebellum controls gait and dynamic standing balance?

Accepted Answer

A)  anterior lobe 
B)  spinocerebellum 
C)  vestibulocerebellum 
D)  cerebrocerebellum 
A)  anterior lobe 
B)  spinocerebellum 
C)  vestibulocerebellum 
D)  cerebrocerebellum

Question 6

Which of the following is indicative of a metabolic or drug-induced coma?

Accepted Answer

A)  severe headache with focal seizures 
B)  unequal or absent corneal reflex 
C)  decorticate or decerebrate posturing 
D)  intact deep tendon reflexes 
A)  severe headache with focal seizures 
B)  unequal or absent corneal reflex 
C)  decorticate or decerebrate posturing 
D)  intact deep tendon reflexes

Question 7

What part of the brain is responsible for behavior and personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  parietal lobe 
B)  Broca's area 
C)  temporal lobe 
D)  frontal lobe 
A)  parietal lobe 
B)  Broca's area 
C)  temporal lobe 
D)  frontal lobe

Question 8

What is the most appropriate test to detect congenital malformations in the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  CT scans 
B)  MRI 
C)  functional MRI 
D)  positron emission tomography (PET) 
A)  CT scans 
B)  MRI 
C)  functional MRI 
D)  positron emission tomography (PET)

Question 9

Which of the following is a normal response of the central nervous system to aging?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased population of reactive glia 
B)  overall increase in brain tissue 
C)  increased size of nerve cells 
D)  increased nerve conduction velocity 
A)  increased population of reactive glia 
B)  overall increase in brain tissue 
C)  increased size of nerve cells 
D)  increased nerve conduction velocity

Question 10

Which of the following is indicative of damage to the thalamus?

Accepted Answer

A)  personality change 
B)  declarative memory deficit 
C)  myoclonus 
D)  cortical blindness 
A)  personality change 
B)  declarative memory deficit 
C)  myoclonus 
D)  cortical blindness

Question 11

Which of the following structures in the brain is most involved in extremity movement?

Accepted Answer

A)  the pons 
B)  reticular formation 
C)  substantia nigra 
D)  medulla 
A)  the pons 
B)  reticular formation 
C)  substantia nigra 
D)  medulla

Question 12

If there is a lesion on one side of the spinal cord _________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  there is a decrease in sensation to touch on the same side of the lesion and decrease in pain sensation on the same side of the lesion 
B)  there is a decrease in sensation to touch on the opposite side of the lesion and a decrease in pain on the opposite side of the lesion 
C)  there is a decrease in touch on the same side of the lesion and a decrease in pain sensation on the opposite side of the lesion 
D)  there is a decrease in touch on the opposite side of the lesion and a decrease in pain sensation on the same side of the lesion 
A)  there is a decrease in sensation to touch on the same side of the lesion and decrease in pain sensation on the same side of the lesion 
B)  there is a decrease in sensation to touch on the opposite side of the lesion and a decrease in pain on the opposite side of the lesion 
C)  there is a decrease in touch on the same side of the lesion and a decrease in pain sensation on the opposite side of the lesion 
D)  there is a decrease in touch on the opposite side of the lesion and a decrease in pain sensation on the same side of the lesion

Question 13

Which of the following types of stem cells consist of a hollow microscopic collection of cells called the blastocyst?

Accepted Answer

A)  neural stem cell 
B)  adult stem cell 
C)  somatic stem cell 
D)  embryonic stem cell 
A)  neural stem cell 
B)  adult stem cell 
C)  somatic stem cell 
D)  embryonic stem cell

Question 14

Which of the following cranial nerves does not have a sensory function?

Accepted Answer

A)  olfactory 
B)  optic 
C)  vagus 
D)  spinal accessory 
A)  olfactory 
B)  optic 
C)  vagus 
D)  spinal accessory

Question 15

Dopamine activity can be increased by which of the following mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased synthesis 
B)  decreased release 
C)  indirect receptor stimulation 
D)  decreased neurotransmitter activity 
A)  decreased synthesis 
B)  decreased release 
C)  indirect receptor stimulation 
D)  decreased neurotransmitter activity

Question 16

How does glucose cross the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

A)  by moving through cells without assistance 
B)  by moving between cells without assistance 
C)  by moving through cells with protein transporters 
D)  by moving between cells without protein transporters 
A)  by moving through cells without assistance 
B)  by moving between cells without assistance 
C)  by moving through cells with protein transporters 
D)  by moving between cells without protein transporters

Question 17

Apoptosis ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is cellular death by an outside invasion 
B)  does not cause inflammatory responses 
C)  is an unorganized process of cellular death 
D)  leaves damage to other components of the central nervous system (CNS) after cell death 
A)  is cellular death by an outside invasion 
B)  does not cause inflammatory responses 
C)  is an unorganized process of cellular death 
D)  leaves damage to other components of the central nervous system (CNS) after cell death

Question 18

Biofeedback is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  procedural learning 
D)  declarative learning 
A)  classical conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  procedural learning 
D)  declarative learning

Question 19

Almost all communication between neurons occurs via what process?

Accepted Answer

A)  electrical 
B)  mechanical 
C)  chemical 
D)  gravity dependent 
A)  electrical 
B)  mechanical 
C)  chemical 
D)  gravity dependent

Question 20

What type of cells are the most numerous cells in the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  oligodendrocyte 
B)  Schwann 
C)  microglia 
D)  astrocytes 
A)  oligodendrocyte 
B)  Schwann 
C)  microglia 
D)  astrocytes

Exam 18: Introduction to Central Nervous System Disorders

Which of the following cranial nerves innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye?

Which of the following is the primary neurotransmitter of the sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons?

Which of the following amines is involved in the control of mood and anxiety?

What happens when an action potential reaches the neurons terminal?

What part of the cerebellum controls gait and dynamic standing balance?

Which of the following is indicative of a metabolic or drug-induced coma?

What part of the brain is responsible for behavior and personality?

What is the most appropriate test to detect congenital malformations in the brain?

Which of the following is a normal response of the central nervous system to aging?

Which of the following is indicative of damage to the thalamus?

Which of the following structures in the brain is most involved in extremity movement?

If there is a lesion on one side of the spinal cord _________________.

Which of the following types of stem cells consist of a hollow microscopic collection of cells called the blastocyst?

Which of the following cranial nerves does not have a sensory function?

Dopamine activity can be increased by which of the following mechanisms?

How does glucose cross the blood-brain barrier?

Apoptosis ____________.

Biofeedback is an example of which of the following?

Almost all communication between neurons occurs via what process?

What type of cells are the most numerous cells in the brain?

Introduction to Concepts of Pathology

Problems Affecting Multiple Systems

Injury, Inflammation, and Healing

The Immune System

Infectious Disease

Oncology

The Integumentary System

The Endocrine and Metabolic Systems

The Cardiovascular System

The Hematologic System

The Respiratory System

The Hepatic, Pancreatic, and Biliary Systems

Introduction to Pathology of the Musculoskeletal System

Genetic and Developmental Disorders

Infectious Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System

Musculoskeletal Neoplasms

Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Diseases and Disorders

Infectious Disorders of the Central Nervous System

Degenerative Diseases of the Central Nervous System

Stroke

Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Cerebral Palsy

The Peripheral Nervous System

Behavioral, Social, and Environmental Factors Contributing to Disease and Dysfunction

The Psychosocial-Spiritual Impact on Health Care

Environmental and Occupational Medicine

The Gastrointestinal System

The Renal and Urologic Systems

Central Nervous System Neoplasms

Epilepsy

Headache

The Male Genital or Reproductive System

The Female Genital or Reproductive System

Vestibular Disorders

Laboratory Tests and Values

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