Question 1

The characteristic "X" shape of chromosomes is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  only evident during cell division 
B)  due to the wrapping of DNA around histones 
C)  a result of maximum compaction of the chromosome 
D)  only found in the female sex chromosome 
E)  indicative of a cell that is no longer dividing 
A)  only evident during cell division 
B)  due to the wrapping of DNA around histones 
C)  a result of maximum compaction of the chromosome 
D)  only found in the female sex chromosome 
E)  indicative of a cell that is no longer dividing

Question 2

Answer the following questions by matching each term with the most appropriate description.
-process by which DNA establishes base pairing between two strands of DNA

Accepted Answer

A) differentiation 
B) hybridization 
C) replication 
D) reproductive cloning 
E) somatic cell nuclear transfer 
A) differentiation 
B) hybridization 
C) replication 
D) reproductive cloning 
E) somatic cell nuclear transfer

Question 3

The process by which cells become specialized during development is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  somatic cell nuclear transfer 
B)  differentiation 
C)  development 
D)  mitosis 
E)  meiosis 
A)  somatic cell nuclear transfer 
B)  differentiation 
C)  development 
D)  mitosis 
E)  meiosis

Question 4

DNA varies from species to species in _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​how many adenine bases bind with thymine rather than with cytosine 
B)  ​whether DNA is a double or a single helix 
C)  ​the variation in the backbone structure 
D)  ​how many different bases it contains 
E)  ​the sequence of its base pairs 
A)  ​how many adenine bases bind with thymine rather than with cytosine 
B)  ​whether DNA is a double or a single helix 
C)  ​the variation in the backbone structure 
D)  ​how many different bases it contains 
E)  ​the sequence of its base pairs

Question 5

Answer the following questions by matching each term with the most appropriate description.
-process by which a cell becomes specialized during development

Accepted Answer

A) differentiation 
B) hybridization 
C) replication 
D) reproductive cloning 
E) somatic cell nuclear transfer 
A) differentiation 
B) hybridization 
C) replication 
D) reproductive cloning 
E) somatic cell nuclear transfer

Question 6

The image of an individual's complement of chromosomes arranged by size, length, shape, and centromere location is called a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  autotype 
B)  genotype 
C)  phenotype 
D)  karyotype 
E)  double helix 
A)  autotype 
B)  genotype 
C)  phenotype 
D)  karyotype 
E)  double helix

Question 7

Matching
Answer the following questions by matching each term with the most appropriate description. Some choices may be used more than once.
-used X-ray diffraction technology to determine that phosphate groups are located on the outside of the DNA molecule and bases on the inside

Accepted Answer

A) Chargaff 
B) Franklin 
C) Watson and Crick 
D) Wilkins 
E) Hershey and Chase
F)Miescher 
A) Chargaff 
B) Franklin 
C) Watson and Crick 
D) Wilkins 
E) Hershey and Chase
F)Miescher

Question 8

DNA was first described by _____ in 1869.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Johannes Miescher 
B)  ​Frederick Griffith 
C)  ​Oswald Avery and Macly McCarty 
D)  ​Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase 
E)  ​Maurice Wilkins 
A)  ​Johannes Miescher 
B)  ​Frederick Griffith 
C)  ​Oswald Avery and Macly McCarty 
D)  ​Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase 
E)  ​Maurice Wilkins

Question 9

Butterflies Butterflies are diploid organisms. In these animals, the sex of an individual is determined by Z and W chromosomes. Use this information to answer the following question.
Which chromosomes are carried by a normal male butterfly?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​ZO 
B)  ​ZW 
C)  ​WW 
D)  ​WO 
E)  ​ZWW 
A)  ​ZO 
B)  ​ZW 
C)  ​WW 
D)  ​WO 
E)  ​ZWW

Question 10

Order the steps of somatic cell nuclear transfer.
-​Step 1

Accepted Answer

A) A skin cell harvested from a donor animal is injected into a region between the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane. 
B) Electric current causes foreign cell to fuse with and empty its nucleus into the cytoplasm of the egg. 
C) DNA from egg is suctioned out using a micropipette. 
D) Embryo forms. 
A) A skin cell harvested from a donor animal is injected into a region between the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane. 
B) Electric current causes foreign cell to fuse with and empty its nucleus into the cytoplasm of the egg. 
C) DNA from egg is suctioned out using a micropipette. 
D) Embryo forms.

Question 11

Repair enzymes _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​repair only mutations that occur in mitochondrial DNA 
B)  ​repair only mutations that arise during replication 
C)  ​repair only DNA mismatch mutations 
D)  ​can only repair mutations that occur prior to replication 
E)  ​can only repair mutations that occur after replication 
A)  ​repair only mutations that occur in mitochondrial DNA 
B)  ​repair only mutations that arise during replication 
C)  ​repair only DNA mismatch mutations 
D)  ​can only repair mutations that occur prior to replication 
E)  ​can only repair mutations that occur after replication

Question 12

Matching
Answer the following questions by matching each term with the most appropriate description. Some choices may be used more than once.
-first described DNA as a substance rich in nitrogen and phosphorus

Accepted Answer

A) Chargaff 
B) Franklin 
C) Watson and Crick 
D) Wilkins 
E) Hershey and Chase
F)Miescher 
A) Chargaff 
B) Franklin 
C) Watson and Crick 
D) Wilkins 
E) Hershey and Chase
F)Miescher

Question 13

What is the effect of ionizing radiation on DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  faster replication 
B)  the formation of nucleotide dimers 
C)  kinks in the DNA molecule 
D)  breaks in the DNA molecule 
E) base-pair mismatching 
A)  faster replication 
B)  the formation of nucleotide dimers 
C)  kinks in the DNA molecule 
D)  breaks in the DNA molecule 
E) base-pair mismatching

Question 14

Answer the following questions by matching each term with the most appropriate description.
-technology that produces genetically identical animals

Accepted Answer

A) differentiation 
B) hybridization 
C) replication 
D) reproductive cloning 
E) somatic cell nuclear transfer 
A) differentiation 
B) hybridization 
C) replication 
D) reproductive cloning 
E) somatic cell nuclear transfer

Question 15

In the technique of embryo splitting, _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​two embryos are fused 
B)  ​an embryo is split apart to form two identical individuals 
C)  ​two sperm are used to fertilize a single egg 
D)  ​two eggs and two sperm are used to form two embryos 
E)  ​an embryo's nucleus is removed and replaced with an adult embryo 
A)  ​two embryos are fused 
B)  ​an embryo is split apart to form two identical individuals 
C)  ​two sperm are used to fertilize a single egg 
D)  ​two eggs and two sperm are used to form two embryos 
E)  ​an embryo's nucleus is removed and replaced with an adult embryo

Question 16

What is the basic problem with cloning adult animals?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​obtaining enough DNA 
B)  ​finding proper surrogates to carry the cloned embryos 
C)  ​reprogramming the DNA 
D)  ​obtaining DNA without mutations 
E)  ​autoimmune rejection of the embryo by the surrogate 
A)  ​obtaining enough DNA 
B)  ​finding proper surrogates to carry the cloned embryos 
C)  ​reprogramming the DNA 
D)  ​obtaining DNA without mutations 
E)  ​autoimmune rejection of the embryo by the surrogate

Question 17

Matching
Answer the following questions by matching each term with the most appropriate description. Some choices may be used more than once.
-proved that DNA, not protein, transmits a full complement of hereditary information

Accepted Answer

A) Chargaff 
B) Franklin 
C) Watson and Crick 
D) Wilkins 
E) Hershey and Chase
F)Miescher 
A) Chargaff 
B) Franklin 
C) Watson and Crick 
D) Wilkins 
E) Hershey and Chase
F)Miescher

Question 18

Answer the following questions by matching each term with the most appropriate description.
-location of highly constricted DNA only present when cells are dividing

Accepted Answer

A) autosome 
B) centromere 
C) chromosome 
D) chromosome number 
E) diploid
F)sex chromosomes
G)sister chromatids 
A) autosome 
B) centromere 
C) chromosome 
D) chromosome number 
E) diploid
F)sex chromosomes
G)sister chromatids

Question 19

During SCNT, the DNA is extracted from the egg using a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  fine point needle 
B)  virus 
C)  micropipette 
D)  electric current 
E)  calcium phosphate 
A)  fine point needle 
B)  virus 
C)  micropipette 
D)  electric current 
E)  calcium phosphate

Question 20

Answer the following questions by matching each term with the most appropriate description.
-highly compacted structure comprised of DNA and proteins

Accepted Answer

A) autosome 
B) centromere 
C) chromosome 
D) chromosome number 
E) diploid
F)sex chromosomes
G)sister chromatids 
A) autosome 
B) centromere 
C) chromosome 
D) chromosome number 
E) diploid
F)sex chromosomes
G)sister chromatids

Exam 7: Dna Structure and Function

The characteristic "X" shape of chromosomes is _____.

Answer the following questions by matching each term with the most appropriate description. -process by which DNA establishes base pairing between two strands of DNA

The process by which cells become specialized during development is called _____.

DNA varies from species to species in _____.​

Answer the following questions by matching each term with the most appropriate description. -process by which a cell becomes specialized during development

The image of an individual's complement of chromosomes arranged by size, length, shape, and centromere location is called a(n) _____.

Matching Answer the following questions by matching each term with the most appropriate description. Some choices may be used more than once. -used X-ray diffraction technology to determine that phosphate groups are located on the outside of the DNA molecule and bases on the inside

DNA was first described by _____ in 1869.​

Butterflies Butterflies are diploid organisms. In these animals, the sex of an individual is determined by Z and W chromosomes. Use this information to answer the following question. Which chromosomes are carried by a normal male butterfly?​

Order the steps of somatic cell nuclear transfer. -​Step 1

Repair enzymes _____.​

Matching Answer the following questions by matching each term with the most appropriate description. Some choices may be used more than once. -first described DNA as a substance rich in nitrogen and phosphorus

What is the effect of ionizing radiation on DNA?

Answer the following questions by matching each term with the most appropriate description. -technology that produces genetically identical animals

In the technique of embryo splitting, _____.​

What is the basic problem with cloning adult animals?​

Matching Answer the following questions by matching each term with the most appropriate description. Some choices may be used more than once. -proved that DNA, not protein, transmits a full complement of hereditary information

Answer the following questions by matching each term with the most appropriate description. -location of highly constricted DNA only present when cells are dividing

During SCNT, the DNA is extracted from the egg using a(n) _____.

Answer the following questions by matching each term with the most appropriate description. -highly compacted structure comprised of DNA and proteins

Invitation to Biology

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Energy and Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Releasing Chemical Energy

Gene Expression and Control

How Cells Reproduce

Patterns of Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Prokaryotes, Protists, and Viruses

Plants and Fungi

Animal Evolution

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Effects

Animal Tissues and Organs

How Animals Move

Circulation and Respiration

Immunity

Digestion and Excretion

Neural Control and the Senses

Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction and Development

Plant Form and Function

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Filters

DNA varies from species to species in _____.

DNA was first described by _____ in 1869.

Butterflies Butterflies are diploid organisms. In these animals, the sex of an individual is determined by Z and W chromosomes. Use this information to answer the following question. Which chromosomes are carried by a normal male butterfly?

Order the steps of somatic cell nuclear transfer. -Step 1

Repair enzymes _____.

In the technique of embryo splitting, _____.

What is the basic problem with cloning adult animals?