Question 1

Which molecule initiates translation after an egg is fertilized?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​maternal mRNA 
B)  ​paternal promoters in sperm 
C)  ​maternal transcription factors 
D)  ​transposable elements 
E)  ​paternal DNA 
A)  ​maternal mRNA 
B)  ​paternal promoters in sperm 
C)  ​maternal transcription factors 
D)  ​transposable elements 
E)  ​paternal DNA

Question 2

Mutations in promoter regions of a gene are most likely to _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​prevent mRNA from being synthesized 
B)  ​trap mRNA inside the nucleus 
C)  ​prevent mRNA from being recognized by the ribosome 
D)  ​prevent mRNA from being post-transcriptionally modified 
E)  ​alter the amino acid sequence 
A)  ​prevent mRNA from being synthesized 
B)  ​trap mRNA inside the nucleus 
C)  ​prevent mRNA from being recognized by the ribosome 
D)  ​prevent mRNA from being post-transcriptionally modified 
E)  ​alter the amino acid sequence

Question 3

Identify the type of mutation associated with the following questions and statements. Some answers may be used more than once.
-A deletion in the beta globin gene leads to this type of mutation, causing beta-thalassemia.
A)deletion only
B)insertion only
C)base-pair substitution
D)frameshift mutation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the type of mutation associated with...

Question 4

Methylation of histone proteins promotes _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​transcription 
B)  ​translation 
C)  ​binding of transcription factors 
D)  ​condensation of DNA 
E)  ​differentiation 
A)  ​transcription 
B)  ​translation 
C)  ​binding of transcription factors 
D)  ​condensation of DNA 
E)  ​differentiation

Question 5

What is the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

A)  all of our genes collectively 
B)  all of our base pairs collectively 
C)  the genetic "words" that code for amino acids 
D)  the genes in DNA that code for proteins 
E)  the genes that encode protein products 
A)  all of our genes collectively 
B)  all of our base pairs collectively 
C)  the genetic "words" that code for amino acids 
D)  the genes in DNA that code for proteins 
E)  the genes that encode protein products

Question 6

Heritable changes in gene expression not due to changes in DNA sequences are known as _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​epigenetics 
B)  ​methylation 
C)  ​translational mutation 
D)  ​differentiation 
E)  ​frameshift inheritance 
A)  ​epigenetics 
B)  ​methylation 
C)  ​translational mutation 
D)  ​differentiation 
E)  ​frameshift inheritance

Question 7

How many different amino acids are found in humans?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​4 
B)  ​8 
C)  ​12 
D)  ​16 
E)  ​20 
A)  ​4 
B)  ​8 
C)  ​12 
D)  ​16 
E)  ​20

Question 8

During transcription, adenine is complementary to _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​guanine 
B)  ​adenine 
C)  ​cytosine 
D)  ​uracil 
E)  ​guanine and cytosine 
A)  ​guanine 
B)  ​adenine 
C)  ​cytosine 
D)  ​uracil 
E)  ​guanine and cytosine

Question 9

Transcription _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  uses both strands of DNA simultaneously as templates 
B)  uses the enzyme DNA polymerase 
C)  results in a double-stranded end product 
D)  produces three different types of RNA molecules 
E)  does not require the hydrogen bonds of DNA to be broken 
A)  uses both strands of DNA simultaneously as templates 
B)  uses the enzyme DNA polymerase 
C)  results in a double-stranded end product 
D)  produces three different types of RNA molecules 
E)  does not require the hydrogen bonds of DNA to be broken

Question 10

Which mutation(s) may not result in an amino acid change in the protein product?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​deletion and insertion 
B)  ​deletion and substitution 
C)  ​insertion and substitution 
D)  ​substitution only 
E)  ​insertion only 
A)  ​deletion and insertion 
B)  ​deletion and substitution 
C)  ​insertion and substitution 
D)  ​substitution only 
E)  ​insertion only

Question 11

What is at the center of a heme molecule in a hemoglobin protein?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​a beta globin chain 
B)  ​an alpha globin chain 
C)  ​iron 
D)  ​nitrogen 
E)  ​another heme molecule 
A)  ​a beta globin chain 
B)  ​an alpha globin chain 
C)  ​iron 
D)  ​nitrogen 
E)  ​another heme molecule

Question 12

As the polypeptide is elongating during translation, what is the ribosome doing?

Accepted Answer

A)  removing incorrectly added amino acids 
B)  moving along the mRNA transcript bonding amino acids to each other 
C)  travelling back and forth between the nucleus and the growing polypeptide with information on which amino acids to add 
D)  removing the noncoding introns 
E)  breaking hydrogen bonds between the tRNA and the mRNA 
A)  removing incorrectly added amino acids 
B)  moving along the mRNA transcript bonding amino acids to each other 
C)  travelling back and forth between the nucleus and the growing polypeptide with information on which amino acids to add 
D)  removing the noncoding introns 
E)  breaking hydrogen bonds between the tRNA and the mRNA

Question 13

Female secondary sexual traits, such as functional breasts and fat deposits around the hips and thighs, are determined by _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​the presence of the master gene, SRY 
B)  ​increased concentration of gene products from the two X chromosomes 
C)  ​absence of gene products from the Y chromosome 
D)  ​sex hormones 
E)  ​maternal influence 
A)  ​the presence of the master gene, SRY 
B)  ​increased concentration of gene products from the two X chromosomes 
C)  ​absence of gene products from the Y chromosome 
D)  ​sex hormones 
E)  ​maternal influence

Question 14

Which of the following carries amino acids to ribosomes?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​mRNA 
B)  ​tRNA 
C)  ​hnRNA 
D)  ​rRNA 
E)  ​all of these 
A)  ​mRNA 
B)  ​tRNA 
C)  ​hnRNA 
D)  ​rRNA 
E)  ​all of these

Question 15

The activity of the ribosome in translation is analogous to a(n) _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​assembly line 
B)  ​dance 
C)  ​planet racing around the sun 
D)  ​foot race 
E)  ​chess game 
A)  ​assembly line 
B)  ​dance 
C)  ​planet racing around the sun 
D)  ​foot race 
E)  ​chess game

Question 16

The information from messenger RNA is used to create polypeptide sequences during the process of _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​transduction 
B)  ​transcription 
C)  ​transformation 
D)  ​translation 
E)  ​replication 
A)  ​transduction 
B)  ​transcription 
C)  ​transformation 
D)  ​translation 
E)  ​replication

Question 17

Ricin exerts its effects on a human cell by _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​inactivating synthesis of carbohydrates 
B)  ​inhibiting hydrolysis of carbohydrates 
C)  ​preventing protein synthesis 
D)  ​interfering with hydrolysis of lipids 
E)  ​over activating nucleic acid metabolism 
A)  ​inactivating synthesis of carbohydrates 
B)  ​inhibiting hydrolysis of carbohydrates 
C)  ​preventing protein synthesis 
D)  ​interfering with hydrolysis of lipids 
E)  ​over activating nucleic acid metabolism

Question 18

What are the noncoding segments of DNA called?

Accepted Answer

A)  introns 
B)  exons 
C)  promoters 
D)  transcription factors 
E)  knockouts 
A)  introns 
B)  exons 
C)  promoters 
D)  transcription factors 
E)  knockouts

Question 19

During elongation, ribosomes catalyze formation of a ____ bond between an amino acid and the growing polypeptide.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen 
B)  peptide 
C)  polar covalent 
D)  nonpolar covalent 
E)  sulfur 
A)  hydrogen 
B)  peptide 
C)  polar covalent 
D)  nonpolar covalent 
E)  sulfur

Question 20

What is an anticodon?

Accepted Answer

A)  the region of DNA that codes for the codon 
B)  the region of DNA that base-pairs with the codon 
C)  the region of the mRNA that codes for an amino acid 
D)  the region of the mRNA that base-pairs with the tRNA 
E)  the region of the tRNA that base-pairs with the mRNA 
A)  the region of DNA that codes for the codon 
B)  the region of DNA that base-pairs with the codon 
C)  the region of the mRNA that codes for an amino acid 
D)  the region of the mRNA that base-pairs with the tRNA 
E)  the region of the tRNA that base-pairs with the mRNA

Exam 8: Gene Expression and Control

Which molecule initiates translation after an egg is fertilized?​

Mutations in promoter regions of a gene are most likely to _____.​

Methylation of histone proteins promotes _____.​

What is the genetic code?

Heritable changes in gene expression not due to changes in DNA sequences are known as _____.​

How many different amino acids are found in humans?​

During transcription, adenine is complementary to _____.​

Transcription _____.

Which mutation(s) may not result in an amino acid change in the protein product?​

What is at the center of a heme molecule in a hemoglobin protein?​

As the polypeptide is elongating during translation, what is the ribosome doing?

Female secondary sexual traits, such as functional breasts and fat deposits around the hips and thighs, are determined by _____.​

Which of the following carries amino acids to ribosomes?​

The activity of the ribosome in translation is analogous to a(n) _____.​

The information from messenger RNA is used to create polypeptide sequences during the process of _____.​

Ricin exerts its effects on a human cell by _____.​

What are the noncoding segments of DNA called?

During elongation, ribosomes catalyze formation of a ____ bond between an amino acid and the growing polypeptide.

What is an anticodon?

Invitation to Biology

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Energy and Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Releasing Chemical Energy

Dna Structure and Function

How Cells Reproduce

Patterns of Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Prokaryotes, Protists, and Viruses

Plants and Fungi

Animal Evolution

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Effects

Animal Tissues and Organs

How Animals Move

Circulation and Respiration

Immunity

Digestion and Excretion

Neural Control and the Senses

Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction and Development

Plant Form and Function

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Filters

Which molecule initiates translation after an egg is fertilized?

Mutations in promoter regions of a gene are most likely to _____.

Methylation of histone proteins promotes _____.

Heritable changes in gene expression not due to changes in DNA sequences are known as _____.

How many different amino acids are found in humans?

During transcription, adenine is complementary to _____.

Which mutation(s) may not result in an amino acid change in the protein product?

What is at the center of a heme molecule in a hemoglobin protein?

Female secondary sexual traits, such as functional breasts and fat deposits around the hips and thighs, are determined by _____.

Which of the following carries amino acids to ribosomes?

The activity of the ribosome in translation is analogous to a(n) _____.

The information from messenger RNA is used to create polypeptide sequences during the process of _____.

Ricin exerts its effects on a human cell by _____.