Exam 7: The Bourbon Reforms and Spanish America

IDENTIFICATION -consulado

IDENTIFICATION -José Antonio Areche

The great revolt of Tupac Amaru opened with

IDENTIFICATION -the Consolidation

Bourbon Spain failed to reconquer its colonial trade because of

IDENTIFICATION -intendant system

IDENTIFICATION -cédulas de gracias al sacar

Recently, historians have begun to correct the traditional view that indigenous peoples were mere passive victims of Spanish rule. What evidence drawn from the text supports this revisionist interpretation?

Compare and contrast the Quito Insurrection of 1765, the Tupac Amaru Rebellion, and the Revolt of the Comuneros.

IDENTIFICATION -decree of free trade of 1778

IDENTIFICATION -Francisco Clavigero

In the late 18^th century, the intellectual community in New Spain took greats interest in science due to

IDENTIFICATION -José de Gálvez

The intellectual atmosphere of colonial Spanish America has been described as neomedieval. Show how this atmosphere began to change in the eighteenth century.

IDENTIFICATION -Tupac Amaru

IDENTIFICATION -the Virgin of Guadalupe

What were the objectives of the Bourbon domestic and colonial reforms? To what degree were they achieved?

In the second half of the eighteenth century,

Eighteenth-century creole nationalists spent much time refuting the claims of European writers like Comte Georges de Buffon who proclaimed

The monumental History of Ancient Mexico, a veritable encyclopedia of Aztec culture, was composed by