Question 1

In the late eighteenth century, the importance of debt servitude and the rigor of its enforcement depended on the

Accepted Answer

A)  bargaining power of unions. 
B)  availability of labor. 
C)  labor policies of the crown. 
D)  attitude of the Catholic Church. 
A)  bargaining power of unions. 
B)  availability of labor. 
C)  labor policies of the crown. 
D)  attitude of the Catholic Church. B

Question 2

The most important colonial historical work of the eighteenth century was the History of Ancient Mexico by Francisco Clavigero, a

Accepted Answer

A)  Anglican. 
B)  Franciscan. 
C)  Jesuit. 
D)  Atheist. 
A)  Anglican. 
B)  Franciscan. 
C)  Jesuit. 
D)  Atheist. C

Question 3

IDENTIFICATION
-José Antonio Galán

Accepted Answer

José Antonio Galán was a prominent leader of the Comunero Revolt in the Viceroyalty of New Granada (present-day Colombia) in the 18th century. Born on January 12, 1749, in Charalá, he became known for his role in the insurrection against Spanish colonial rule.

The Comunero Revolt began in 1781 as a series of protests by the local populace against oppressive taxation and economic measures imposed by the Spanish authorities. Galán emerged as one of the key figures in this uprising, advocating for the rights of the local people and challenging the authority of the Spanish crown.

Despite initial successes, the revolt was eventually quelled by the Spanish forces. José Antonio Galán was captured, tried, and executed for his involvement in the rebellion. On February 2, 1782, he was hanged in the main square of Santafé de Bogotá, and his body was quartered, with parts displayed in various places as a warning to others who might challenge Spanish rule.

Galán's legacy lived on, however, as his actions and the broader Comunero Revolt are considered precursors to the independence movements that swept through South America in the early 19th century. He is remembered as a symbol of resistance against colonial oppression and a martyr for the cause of Colombian independence.

Question 4

IDENTIFICATION
-Charles III

Accepted Answer

Charles III, also known as Charles, Prin

Question 5

The Royal Commentaries of the Inca, a work that continues to influence our image of the Inca Empire, was written by

Accepted Answer

A)  Ixtlilxochitl. 
B)  Garcilaso de la Vega. 
C)  Poma de Ayala. 
D)  Carlos Sigüenza y Góngora. 
A)  Ixtlilxochitl. 
B)  Garcilaso de la Vega. 
C)  Poma de Ayala. 
D)  Carlos Sigüenza y Góngora.

Question 6

Characteristic of the thought and policies of the eighteenth-century Spanish Enlightenment was

Accepted Answer

A)  a rigid orthodoxy in religion and politics. 
B)  acceptance of French anticlericalism and deism. 
C)  distrust of the power of reason to reform society. 
D)  support for the Inquisition's right to pursue and punish heresy. 
A)  a rigid orthodoxy in religion and politics. 
B)  acceptance of French anticlericalism and deism. 
C)  distrust of the power of reason to reform society. 
D)  support for the Inquisition's right to pursue and punish heresy.

Question 7

The creole effort to establish the spiritual primacy of the colonies over Spain was reflected in the cult of

Accepted Answer

A)  the Virgin of Guadalupe. 
B)  the Virgin of Los Remedios. 
C)  St. James. 
D)  St. Christopher. 
A)  the Virgin of Guadalupe. 
B)  the Virgin of Los Remedios. 
C)  St. James. 
D)  St. Christopher.

Question 8

Indigenous strategies for resisting Spanish oppression included

Accepted Answer

A)  participation in municipal elections. 
B)  appeals for help to their ancient gods. 
C)  assassination of Spanish officials. 
D)  active use of Spanish legal codes for purposes of defense and offense. 
A)  participation in municipal elections. 
B)  appeals for help to their ancient gods. 
C)  assassination of Spanish officials. 
D)  active use of Spanish legal codes for purposes of defense and offense.

Question 9

Explain, with examples, the meaning of the phrase "colonial subversive discourse."

Accepted Answer

Colonial subversive discourse refers to

Question 10

IDENTIFICATION
-Carlos Sigüenza y Góngora

Accepted Answer

Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora (August 14,

Question 11

A distinctive feature of the Comunero revolt and program was

Accepted Answer

A)  its effort to form a common front of almost all colonial groups against Spanish authority. 
B)  the proclamation of freedom for all black slaves. 
C)  the leading role the industrial workers played. 
D)  the strong support given by creoles to the revolt. 
A)  its effort to form a common front of almost all colonial groups against Spanish authority. 
B)  the proclamation of freedom for all black slaves. 
C)  the leading role the industrial workers played. 
D)  the strong support given by creoles to the revolt.

Question 12

The intendant system was introduced in the late eighteenth century to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase royal revenues from the colonies. 
B)  reduce the power of the corregidores. 
C)  promote the spread of Enlightenment ideas in the colonies. 
D)  provide a counterpoise to the power of the viceroys. 
A)  increase royal revenues from the colonies. 
B)  reduce the power of the corregidores. 
C)  promote the spread of Enlightenment ideas in the colonies. 
D)  provide a counterpoise to the power of the viceroys.

Question 13

IDENTIFICATION
-subdelegado

Accepted Answer

The term "subdelegado" typically refers

Question 14

Characteristic of the economy of Spanish America in the late Bourbon period was

Accepted Answer

A)  development of an extensive network of roads linking different provinces. 
B)  the use of improved techniques in agriculture. 
C)  a trend toward regional specialization and monoculture in the production of cash crops. 
D)  a steadily rising standard of living for the lower classes. 
A)  development of an extensive network of roads linking different provinces. 
B)  the use of improved techniques in agriculture. 
C)  a trend toward regional specialization and monoculture in the production of cash crops. 
D)  a steadily rising standard of living for the lower classes.

Question 15

IDENTIFICATION
-register ships

Accepted Answer

The identification and registration of s

Question 16

Bourbon reforms led to increased agricultural production, itself the product of

Accepted Answer

A)  improved productivity associated with mechanization of production. 
B)  greater demand for subsistence goods created by urban workers' prosperity. 
C)  higher agricultural prices and lower costs of agricultural machinery. 
D)  more extensive use of land and labor rather than improved productivity. 
A)  improved productivity associated with mechanization of production. 
B)  greater demand for subsistence goods created by urban workers' prosperity. 
C)  higher agricultural prices and lower costs of agricultural machinery. 
D)  more extensive use of land and labor rather than improved productivity.

Question 17

Creole nationalism required that the creoles provide themselves with a suitably dignified and heroic past and that they free themselves from spiritual dependence on Spain. How did creole intellectuals employ history, religion, and mythology to achieve these ends?

Accepted Answer

Creole intellectuals employed history, r

Question 18

The conflict at Real del Monte sought

Accepted Answer

A)  more political independence for criollo landlords threatened by Bourbon royal authority. 
B)  redistribution of land to peasants and abolition of debt servitude. 
C)  restoration of pay cuts for workers, a form of profit-sharing, and the firing of abusive bosses. 
D)  protection of indigenous communal lands and the recognition of native political autonomy. 
A)  more political independence for criollo landlords threatened by Bourbon royal authority. 
B)  redistribution of land to peasants and abolition of debt servitude. 
C)  restoration of pay cuts for workers, a form of profit-sharing, and the firing of abusive bosses. 
D)  protection of indigenous communal lands and the recognition of native political autonomy.

Question 19

IDENTIFICATION
-War of the Spanish Succession

Accepted Answer

The War of the Spanish Succession was a

Question 20

Which of these was not mentioned in José Antonio Areche's report on Mexico's economy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Landowners paid wages in goods rather than cash and treated their workers badly. 
B)  Spain slowed Mexico's development by extracting 500 million pesos of its silver output. 
C)  Spanish merchants engaged in the forced sale of goods to indigenous communities. 
D)  Landed estates were inefficient, heavily indebted, and relied on primitive tilling methods. 
A)  Landowners paid wages in goods rather than cash and treated their workers badly. 
B)  Spain slowed Mexico's development by extracting 500 million pesos of its silver output. 
C)  Spanish merchants engaged in the forced sale of goods to indigenous communities. 
D)  Landed estates were inefficient, heavily indebted, and relied on primitive tilling methods.

In the late eighteenth century, the importance of debt servitude and the rigor of its enforcement depended on the

The most important colonial historical work of the eighteenth century was the History of Ancient Mexico by Francisco Clavigero, a

IDENTIFICATION -José Antonio Galán

IDENTIFICATION -Charles III

The Royal Commentaries of the Inca, a work that continues to influence our image of the Inca Empire, was written by

Characteristic of the thought and policies of the eighteenth-century Spanish Enlightenment was

The creole effort to establish the spiritual primacy of the colonies over Spain was reflected in the cult of

Indigenous strategies for resisting Spanish oppression included

Explain, with examples, the meaning of the phrase "colonial subversive discourse."

IDENTIFICATION -Carlos Sigüenza y Góngora

A distinctive feature of the Comunero revolt and program was

The intendant system was introduced in the late eighteenth century to

IDENTIFICATION -subdelegado

Characteristic of the economy of Spanish America in the late Bourbon period was

IDENTIFICATION -register ships

Bourbon reforms led to increased agricultural production, itself the product of

Creole nationalism required that the creoles provide themselves with a suitably dignified and heroic past and that they free themselves from spiritual dependence on Spain. How did creole intellectuals employ history, religion, and mythology to achieve these ends?

The conflict at Real del Monte sought

IDENTIFICATION -War of the Spanish Succession

Which of these was not mentioned in José Antonio Areche's report on Mexico's economy?

Ancient America

The Hispanic Background

The Conquest of America

The Economic Foundations of Colonial Life

State, Church, and Society

Colonial Brazil

The Independence of Latin America

Decolonization and the Search for National Identities, 1821-1870

Race, Nation, and the Meaning of Freedom, 1821-1888

The Triumph of Neocolonialism and the Liberal State, 1870-1900

Filters

Exam 7: The Bourbon Reforms and Spanish America

In the late eighteenth century, the importance of debt servitude and the rigor of its enforcement depended on the

The most important colonial historical work of the eighteenth century was the History of Ancient Mexico by Francisco Clavigero, a

IDENTIFICATION -José Antonio Galán

IDENTIFICATION -Charles III

The Royal Commentaries of the Inca, a work that continues to influence our image of the Inca Empire, was written by

Characteristic of the thought and policies of the eighteenth-century Spanish Enlightenment was

The creole effort to establish the spiritual primacy of the colonies over Spain was reflected in the cult of

Indigenous strategies for resisting Spanish oppression included

Explain, with examples, the meaning of the phrase "colonial subversive discourse."

IDENTIFICATION -Carlos Sigüenza y Góngora

A distinctive feature of the Comunero revolt and program was

The intendant system was introduced in the late eighteenth century to

IDENTIFICATION -subdelegado

Characteristic of the economy of Spanish America in the late Bourbon period was

IDENTIFICATION -register ships

Bourbon reforms led to increased agricultural production, itself the product of

Creole nationalism required that the creoles provide themselves with a suitably dignified and heroic past and that they free themselves from spiritual dependence on Spain. How did creole intellectuals employ history, religion, and mythology to achieve these ends?

The conflict at Real del Monte sought

IDENTIFICATION -War of the Spanish Succession

Which of these was not mentioned in José Antonio Areche's report on Mexico's economy?

Ancient America

The Hispanic Background

The Conquest of America

The Economic Foundations of Colonial Life

State, Church, and Society

Colonial Brazil

The Independence of Latin America

Decolonization and the Search for National Identities, 1821-1870

Race, Nation, and the Meaning of Freedom, 1821-1888

The Triumph of Neocolonialism and the Liberal State, 1870-1900

Filters